Ethics in the Qumran Community

Name: Ethics in the Qumran Community | An Interdisciplinary Investigation
Brand: Mohr Siebeck
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An Interdisciplinary Investigation

Marcus K.M. Tso(Autor*in)

Mohr Siebeck (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen im November 2010

XIV, 270 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Preface
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations
Part I: Introduction
Chapter 1: General Introduction
A. Why Is Ethics in the Qumran Community Worth Investigating?
B. What Aspects of Ethics in the Qumran Community?
C. How Will This Book Investigate Ethics in the Qumran Community?
I. Scope
II. Overview
Part II: Setting the Scene
Chapter 2: Literature Review
A. "Qumran Ethics" before the Discoveries at Qumran (before 1947)
I. The Ethics of the Essenes
II. The Ethics of the Apocryphal and Pseudepigraphic Literature
III. The Ethics of the Damascus Document
B. Qumran Ethics in the Formative Phase of Qumran Research (1947 to 1990)
I. Early Christian Syntheses
II. Qumran Ethics Based on the Early Syntheses
III. Jewish Corrective of the Early Syntheses
C. Qumran Ethics in the Flourishing Phase of Qumran Research (1990 to the Present)
I. New Tools
II. New Methods
III. New Texts
D. Conclusion
Chapter 3: The Language of Ethical Discourse
A. Ethical Language in the Qumran Texts
I. Ethical Discourse in 1QS I
II. Ethical Naturalism in the Two Spirits Treatise
III. Preliminary Observations about Qumran Ethics
B. Greco-Roman Ethical Language in Second Temple Judaism
I. Philo as a Link between Greek and Jewish Ethics
II. Philo's Notions of Law
III. Philo's Notions of Virtue
IV. Implications for Qumran Ethics
C. Ethical Language in Rabbinic Literature
I. The Relevance of Rabbinic Literature for Qumran Study
II. The Pride of Place of the Mishnah in Rabbinic Ethics
III. Various Approaches to Describing Mishnaic Ethics
IV. Implications for Qumran Ethics
D. Modern Ethicists' Language
I. Frankena and Duty Ethics
II. MacIntyre and Virtue Ethics
III. Implications for Qumran Ethics
E. Modern and Postmodern Jewish Ethical Language
I. Modern Jewish Ethics
II. The Postmodern Context
III. Levinas' Postmodern Ethics
IV. Implications for Qumran Ethics
F. Conclusion
Chapter 4: A Historical Framework
A. Historical Reconstruction
I. Basic Starting Assumptions
II. Some Key Elements of a Historical Reconstruction
1. Khirbet Qumran
2. Origins
3. Teacher of Righteousness
4. Opposition/Schism
III. Summary and Implications of Reconstruction
B. Locating the Key Texts in Their Historical Contexts
I. The Damascus Document
II. The Community Rule
III. Fitting Texts in the Chronology of the Qumran Community
C. Textual Evidence for Development and Variation in Worldviews
I. Purity
II. Dualism
Part III: Ethics in the Qumran Community: Four Contributing Factors
Chapter 5: Scriptural Tradition
A. The Tradition of Authoritative Texts in the Qumran Community
I. Scriptural Authority and Canonicity
II. List of Authoritative Texts
III. Exegetical Methods
B. The Use of Torah Texts in the Sectarian Scrolls: Genesis
I. The Use of Genesis to Explain the Origin of Evil
II. The Use of Genesis to Present Moral Exemplars
III. The Use of Genesis to Support Sectarian Halakhah
C. The Use of Torah Texts in the Sectarian Scrolls: Deuteronomy
I. The Use of Deuteronomy to Promote Halakhic Stringency
II. The Use of Deuteronomy to Support Self-Understanding
III. The Use of Deuteronomy to Convey Eschatological Expectations
D. The Use of Prophetic Texts in the Sectarian Scrolls: Isaiah
I. The Use of Isaiah to Support Halakhah
II. The Use of Isaiah to Understand Eschatology
III. The Use of Isaiah to Express Self-Understanding
E. The Use of Prophetic Texts in the Sectarian Scrolls: Psalms
I. The Use of Psalms to Distinguish Insiders from Outsiders
II. The Use of Psalms to Present Sectarian Virtues
III. The Use of Psalms to Encourage Continuance in Sectarian Life
F. Conclusion
Chapter 6: Self-Identity
A. The Ethical Significance of Identity
I. Defining Identity
II. Identity as a Basis of Solidarity and Difference
III. Identity as Value-laden
IV. Identity as a Motivation for Morally Relevant Behaviours
B. Forming Identity through (Re)constructing the Past
I. Genesis-Dependent/Related Narratives
II. Mosaic-Dependent/Related Narratives
III. Exilic Narratives
IV. Origins of the Community or Wider Movement
V. Subsequent History
C. Forming Identity through Constructing the Present
I. The Claim of Special Knowledge
II. Temporal and Spatial Locations
III. Cultural/Political Contexts
IV. Conflicts
V. The Establishment and Maintenance of Boundaries
VI. Community Organization Models
D. Forming Identity through Constructing the Future
E. Conclusion
Chapter 7: Cultural and Political Contexts
A. Hellenistic Cultural Influences
I. Greek Language
II. Greek Ideas
III. Anti-Hellenism
B. Persian Cultural Influences
I. Dualism
II. Astrology
III. Determinism
IV. Angels and Demons
V. Eschatology
C. Other Cultural Influences: Egyptian, Parthian, and Nabatean
I. Egypt
II. Parthia
III. Nabatea
D. The Hasmonean Period (c. 140-63 B.C.E.)
I. Political Policies
II. Priesthood
III. Party Politics
E. The Roman Period (63 B.C.E.-70 C.E.)
I. Pre-Herodian Period (63-37 B.C.E.)
II. Herodian Period (37 B.C.E.-6 C.E.)
III. Post-Herodian Period (6-70 C.E.)
F. Conclusion
Chapter 8: Eschatology
A. Ethical Significance of Eschatology
I. Eschatology at Qumran
1. Eschatology as Expectations of the Future
2. Eschatology as Present Reality
II. How Is Eschatology Relevant for Ethics?
1. Eschatological Ethical Motivation
2. Eschatological Ethical Demands
B. Future Rewards and Punishments as Ethical Motivation
I. Earlier Occurrences
1. 4QInstruction
2. Damascus Document
3. Rule of the Community
II. Later Occurrences
1. 11QMelchizedek
2. Pesher Habakkuk
3. War Scroll
III. Summary
C. "Realizing Eschatology" and Its Ethical Significance
I. Earlier Occurrences
1. Jubilees
2. 4QInstruction
3. Hodayot
II. Later Occurrences
1. War Scroll
2. Pesher Nahum
3. Pesher Habakkuk
III. Summary
D. Conclusion
Part IV: Synthesis and Conclusion
Chapter 9: Principles behind Practices
A. Ethics in a Qumran Rule Text: 1QS VI, 24-VII, 25
I. Exegesis
II. Analysis of Ethics in the Text
III. Conclusions
B. Ethics in a Qumran Wisdom Text: 4QCrA Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn (4Q298)
I. Exegesis
II. Analysis of Ethics in the Text
III. Conclusions
C. Ethics in a Qumran Liturgical Text: 4QBerakhota-e (4Q286-290)
I. Exegesis
II. Analysis of Ethics in the Text
III. Conclusions
D. Ethics in a Qumran Exegetical Text: 4QpPsa (4Q171) I, 17-II, 20
I. Exegesis
II. Analysis of Ethics in the Text
III. Conclusions
E. Conclusion
Chapter 10: Conclusion
A. Review of Methodology
B. Review of Findings
C. Synthesis
D. Future Directions
Appendices
Appendix A: The Penal Code In 1QS VI, 24-VII, 25
Appendix B: The Relationship between Psalm 37 and 4Q171
Bibliography
Index of Ancient Sources
A. Hebrew Bible
B. New Testament
C. Apocrypha
D. Pseudepigrapha
E. Dead Sea Scrolls
F. Philo
G. Josephus
H. Rabbinic Literature
I. Other Ancient Texts
Index of Names
Index of Subjects

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