Emergence

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Preface

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

Introduction: Causation in Philosophy and Scientific Explanation

1. Causation and the Origins of Ancient Philosophy 1.1. Early Milesians 1.2. The School of Pythagoras and Plato
2. Aristotle and the Fourfold Notion of Causation 2.1. Material and Formal Causes 2.2. Efficient and Final Causes 2.3. Interrelatedness of Causes 2.4. Chance and Necessity
3. Causality in the Middle Ages
4. Causal Reductionism of the Modern Era 4.1. Causation and Modern Science 4.2. Causation and Modern Philosophy 4.3. Decline of Causal Explanation
5. Non-Reductionism and Emergentism
6. Emergentism and the New Mechanical Philosophy 6.1. Organization of Mechanisms 6.2. From Methodology to Metaphysics 6.3. Causal Mechanisms 6.4. Mechanisms and Downward Causation 6.5. Summary
7. Metaphysical Aspects of Emergentism
8. Emergentism and Dispositionalism
9. Plan of the Project Part 1. Metaphysical Aspects of Emergence and Downward Causation
10. The Central Dogma of Emergentism
11. Historical Facets
12. Characteristics of Emergence 2.1. Nonadditivity of Causes 2.2. Novelty of Complex Processes, Entities, and Properties 2.3. Ontology of Levels 2.4. Emergent Laws 2.5. Nondeducibility, Nonpredictability and Irreducibility of Emergents 2.6. Emergence and Downward Causation
13. Summary
14. Metaphysical Challenges for Emergence and Downward Causation
15. Insufficiency of the Negative Definition of Emergence
16. Ontological Status of Emergents
17. Problems of Nonreductionist Physicalism
18. Metaphysics of Downward Causation 4.1. What is the Cause in Downward Causation? 4.2. What is Being Acted Upon in Downward Causation? 4.3. What Is the Nature of Downward Causation
19. Kim's Argument from Circularity and Causal Exclusion
20. A Response to Kim
21. Emergence and Downward Causation Redefined 7.1. Beyond Efficient Cause 7.2. Aristotelianism and Emergentism 7.3. In Search of Proper Metaphysics
22. Dynamical Depth and Causal Non-reductionism
23. Teleology Matters in Life Theories
24. Dynamical Depth - A True Face of Emergence? 2.1. Homeodynamics 2.2. Morphodynamics 2.3. Teleodynamics 2.4. Autogenesis
25. Causal Non-reductionism of Deacon's Project 3.1. Material Cause 3.2. Formal and Efficient Causality 3.3. Teleology 3.4. Absences as Causes 3.5. Substances versus Processes 3.6. How Aristotelian is Deacon?
26. Incompleteness of Deacon's Model of Emergence Part 2. Dispositions/Powers Metaphysics and Emergence
27. Theories of Causation in Analytic Metaphysics
28. Regularity View of Causation (RVC) 1.1. INUS Conditions View of Causation (INUSConVC) 1.2. Inferability View of Causation (InfVC) 1.3. RVC, Laws of Nature, and Natural Kinds 1.4. Summary
29. Counterfactual View of Causation (CVC)
30. Probability View of Causation (ProbVC)
31. Singularity View of Causation (SVC)
32. Manipulability-Based Views of Causation (M-basedVsC) 5.1. Manipulation View of Causation (MVC) 5.2. Agency and Action-Related Views of Causation (AVC, ArelVC) 5.3. Interventionist View of Causation (IntVC) 5.4. Summary
33. Process View of Causation (ProcVC)
34. Summary
35. Dispositional Metaphysics and the Corresponding View of Causation
36. Dispositions and Powers
37. Grounding of Powers
38. Manifestations
39. Causation
40. Modeling Causes as Vectors in Quality Space
41. From Powers to Forms and Teleology: New Aristotelianism
42. Aristotle on Potency and Act 1.1. In Defence of Potency 1.2. The Relation between Potency and Act 1.3. From Potency and Actuality to Causes, Essences, and Teleology
43. Powers Metaphysics as New Aristotelianism 2.1. Potentiality | Actuality || Disposition | Manifestation 2.2. Dispositionalism and Teleology 2.3. Dispositionalism and Hylomorphism (Essentialism) 2.3.1. Mereological and Structural Versions of Hylomorphism 2.3.2. Incomplete Entities Version of Hylomorphism 2.3.3. Mixed Version of Hylomorphism 2.3.4. Re-Identification of Parts Version of Hylomorphism 2.3.5. Virtual Presence and Neo-Hylomorphism 2.3.6. Powers Version of Hylomorphism 2.3.7. Dispositionalism and Aristotelian Hylomorphism (Essentialism) 2.4. Event Ontologies 2.5. Scientific Realism 2.6. Laws of Nature
44. Dispositional Metaphysics, Downward Causation, and Dynamical Depth
45. Dispositionalism and Downward Causation 1.1 Downward Causation and Hylomorphism 1.2 Downward Causation and Efficient Cause 1.3. Downward Causation and Teleology 1.4. The True Nature of Downward Causation 1.5. Downward Causation and Probability
46. Dispositionalism and Dynamical Depth Model of Emergence 2.1. The Engine of Dynamical Depth 2.2. Teleology at All Levels of Dynamical Depth 2.3. The Locus of Form 2.4. Constraints as Effects Rather Than Causes 2.5. Truly Pluralistic Theory of Causation 2.6. Processes not Without Substances

Conclusion

Appendix

Bibliography