Ocean Oil and Gas Drilling and the Law

Name: Ocean Oil and Gas Drilling and the Law
Brand: Kluwer Law International
Price: 251.99 EUR
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Peter Nachant Swan(Autor*in)

Kluwer Law International (Verlag)

Erschienen am 1. Juni 1978

494 Seiten

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978-90-411-7702-5 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
PREFACE
I OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS TECHNOLOGY
A THE EXPLORATION PHASE
B THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 Steel Jacketed Platforms
2 Concrete Gravity Platforms
3 Articulated Columns
4 Pipelines
C THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION PHASE
1 Drilling
2 Production of Oil
3 Production of Gas
4 Subsea Completions
5 Workover
6 Storage of Oil
7 Personnel: Logistics, Training, and Safety Measures
8 Communications and Security
9 Tanker Traffic
10 General North Sea Production Data
II PROPRIETARY CONSIDERATIONS
A EXPLORATION
B THE RIGHT TO DRILL FOR AND PRODUCE OIL AND GAS OFFSHORE
1 The Present United States Leasing System
2 Suggested Alternatives and New Legislation Affecting the U.S. Bonus Bid System
3 Summary of British Licensing System
4 Licensing in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea
(a) Allocation Technique
(b) Payment of Royalties
(c) Participation by Statoil
(d) Disposition of Oil
5 Abandonment of the License
C JOINT OPERATING AGREEMENTS
1 General Concepts
2 Participation Agreements in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea
(a) Exploratory and Developmental Activity: Statoil's Role
(b) The Operator and the Management Committee
(c) Ownership of Assets
(d) Liability of the Joint Venturers
(e) Disposal of Production
(f) Statoil's Option to Increase Its Participation.
(g) Provisions for the Assignment or Sale of a Participant's Interest
(h) Consequences of Breaching Participation Agreement or License
(i) Resolution of Disputes
3 Antitrust Implications of Group Development and Exploitation of Offshore Resources
(a) Behavior and Agreement Inside the United States
(b) The United States Impact of Extra-Territorial Action
D CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS FOR OFFSHORE FACILITIES AND SERVICES
1 Representations, Warranties, Quality Assurance and Design Data
(a) Representations and General Obligations
(b) Warranties
(c) Quality Assurance
(d) Proprietary Information
2 Mechanics of Payments and Acceptance of Work
(a) Basis of Payment
(b) Change Orders and Extra Work
(c) Acceptance
(d) Problems Relating to Sub-contractors
3 Remedies for Breach by Contractor
(a) Replacement of Work and Materials
Options to Complete
(b) Delay and Extensions
Liquidated Damages
(c) Cancellation
(d) Force Majeure
(e) Limitation on Recovery
Consequential Losses
4 Indemnification
5 Towage Contracts
(a) Transport Obligations and Payment Schemes
(b) Indemnity and Exculpatory Clauses
(c) Excusing Events
(d) The Forum Clause
6 Pipe Fabrication and Pipelaying Contracts
(a) Acceptance Testing
(b) Compensation
(c) Indemnity
(d) Remedies
7 Drilling from Fixed Facilities
(a) Compensation Schemes
(b) Indemnity and Hold Harmless Clauses
(c) Cancellation
8 Choice of Law and Dispute Resolution
E FINANCING
1 Conceptual Issues Connected With Offshore Loans
(a) The Constellation of Risks
(b) The Value of the License and Assets as Collateral
(c) The Negative Pledge Concept
(d) Some General Parameters for Loan Approval in Project Financing
(e) Typical Lending Mechanisms for Medium-Term Roll-Over Eurodollar Loans
2 Variations of Financing Arrangements
(a) Recourse Financing
(b) Non-Recourse or Project Financing
(c) Forward Purchase Agreement Assignments
Take-or-Pay Contracts
Throughput Agreements
(d) Export Credits
(e) Supplier Credit
(f) Production Payments
3 Acts of Default
(a) Insolvency
(b) Failure to Make Payments
Breach of Covenants
(c) Cross-Default Clauses
4 Options and Remedies of the Lender
(a) Consent Clauses
Covenants
Coparticipant Responsibility
Intervention in Decision Making
(b) Acceleration Clauses
(c) Attempts to Attach or Foreclose on Offshore Assets or the Proceeds of Production.
F INSURANCE
1 Builder's All Risk Coverage
(a) The Assureds
(b) The Period of Coverage
(c) Valuation and Basis of Recovery
(d) Coverages for Property Loss and Related Expenses
(e) Conditions, Exclusions, Limitations, and Deductibles
(f) Coverage for Liability to Third Party
(g) Wreck Removal
Direct Actions
2 Operations Phase Insurance
(a) Property Risks on the Platform
(b) Pipelines
(c) Costs of Control
(d) Pollution Liability
(e) Liability Insurance
3 Oil Pollution Liability Agreement (OPOL)
(a) Internal Arrangements and Guarantees
(b) Claims which can be brought under the OPOL Agreement
(c) Dispute Resolution and Payments Mechanism
4 O.I.L. Syndicate
(a) Eligibility and Internal Arrangements
(b) Coverage, Basis of Recovery and Exclusions
(c) Premium Calculation, Policy Term, Recovery Limits, and Deductibles
III PUBLIC AND INTERNATIONAL LAW CONSIDERATIONS
A INTERNATIONAL LAW
1 The Truman Proclamation
2 Unilateral Assertions of Control or Sovereignty
3 The 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf
4 Resolution of North Sea Boundary Disputes
5 The U.K.-Norway Treaty for the Frigg Field
6 Law of the Sea Conference
(a) The Exclusive Economic Zone
(b) The Seabed Authority
B ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REGULATING OFFSHORE EXPLOITATION
1 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
(a) Development Plan Approval
(b) Special Orders by Supervisor
(c) OCS General Orders
Inspections
(d) Failure Data Bank and Other Technological Improvements
2 Bureau of Land Management
(a) Lease Stipulations
Cancellations and Suspension
(b) United Kingdom Model License Clauses
3 United States Coast Guard
4 United States Army Engineers
5 Office of Pipeline Safety
6 Department of the Interior
(a) Environmental Impact Statements (EIS)
(b) Judicial Challenges to Administrative Action
(c) 1976 Amendments to the Coastal Zone Management Act
(d) New Federal Legislation
C STATE LEGISLATION PERTAINING TO COASTAL OR OFFSHORE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES
1 United States v. Maine, 420 U.S. 515 (1974).
2 Atlantic Richfield Co. v. Ray, 98 S.Ct. 988 (1978)
3 Askew v. American Waterways Operators, 411 U.S. 325 (1973)
4 A State Statute Not Yet Challenged
D THE DEEPWATER PORTS ACT
1 Application and Approval Procedures
2 Ongoing Requirements
E REGULATORY RESTRAINTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
1 Conservation and Production Control
2 Safety Regulations
F REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS IN NORWAY
1 Conservation and Production Profile Review
2 Norwegian Petroleum Directorate Technical Approvals
(a) Facility Construction
(b) Drilling and Workover
(c) Safety Inspections and Production Equipment
(d) Sanctions for Non-Compliance
G CRIMINAL LAW
IV CIVIL LIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
A MANUFACTURERS' LIABILITY
1 Design Defects and Errors in Selecting or Applying Safety Factors
2 Testing and Reliability
3 Manufacture, Assembly and Installation
4 Servicing and Repairs
5 Component Suppliers
6 Warnings and Instructions
Misuse and Other Defenses
7 Economic Losses
8 Interplay with Contract Provisions
9 Scandinavian Law on Manufacturers' Liability
B COLLISION
1 Collisions Involving the Platform While Under Tow
2 Collisions Occurring after the Platform is in Place
3 Measuring Damages
C PERSONAL INJURY AND DEATH
1 Employees of the Operator
(a) Death on the High Seas Act (46 USC § § 761-768 (1970))
(b) Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 USC § 1331 et. seq. (1970)) and other Federal Statutes
(c) Longshoreman and Harborworkers Compensation Act (33 USC § 901 et. seq. (1976))
(d) Occupational Safety and Hazards Act (29 USC §§ 651 et. seq. (1970)).
2 Employees of Service Contractors
3 Injury and Compensation under Norwegian Law
4 United Kingdom Law Governing Personal Injury
D LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF DESIGN, OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE OF AN OFFSHORE FACILITY
1 Design Negligence
Possible Non-Delegable Duty
2 Ultra-Hazardous Activity
3 Preventative Maintenance
E OIL POLLUTION
1 Sources of Oil Pollution from Offshore Oil and Gas Operations
(a) Leaks and Ruptures of Pipelines or Storage (Corrosion or Trauma)
(b) Produced Water
(c) Displaced Water, Deck Drainage and Drilling Muds
(d) Blowouts
(e) Sabotage and Terrorism
(f) Slick Dispersion, Drift and Weathering
2 Types of Damage
(a) Property Damage
(b) Lost Profits
(c) Fish Kill and Other Biota Losses
(d) Lost Fisher's Profits
Mariculture Losses
3 Cleanup Obligations
(a) United States Law
(b) United Kingdom
(c) Norway
the Bonn Agreement
4 Compensation of Claimants
(a) FWPCA Inapplicable
(b) Deepwater Ports Act
(c) Selected State Law
(d) New Federal Legislation
(e) North Sea Pollution Treaty
(f) Pending Norwegian Legislation
F SPECIAL PROBLEMS WITH THE FISHING INDUSTRY
1 Access Denied to Fishing Grounds
2 Gear Losses
ADDENDA
APPENDICES
TABLE OF CASES
TOPICAL INDEX
Back Cover

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