Accessing Biological Resources

Name: Accessing Biological Resources | Complying with the Convention on Biological Diversity
Brand: Kluwer Law International
Price: 228.99 EUR
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Complying with the Convention on Biological Diversity

Natalie P. Stoianoff(Herausgeber*in)

Kluwer Law International (Verlag)

Erschienen am 7. Juni 2004

290 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
CONTRIBUTORS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 BIODIVERSITY: REASONS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC AND COMMERCIAL INTEREST
I. GENERAL ISSUES
II. BIODIVERSITY AND RESEARCH AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL
III. ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
IV. PHARMACEUTICALS
A. Commercial Interest
V. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 2 BIODIVERSITY AND BIOPROSPECTING
I. INTRODUCTION
II. CHEMICALS FROM THE WILD
III. BIOPROSPECTING
IV. WHAT PRICE TO PLACE ON BIODIVERSITY?
V. BIOPROSPECTING AND SUSTAINABILITY
VI. BIOPROSPECTING - INTERNATIONAL ISSUES
VII. NATIONAL ISSUES
VIII. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3 AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BIODIVERSITY TREATY AND ACCESS TO BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE RELEVANT PROVISIONS OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
III. BIOPROSPECTING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES
A. The Value of Bioprospecting
B. Patent Protection
IV. SHARING OF BENEFITS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
A. Classifying Preliminary Global Responses
B. The Nature of Benefit Sharing Sought
V. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4 THE INTERNATIONAL TREATY ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE: A NEW BREED?
I. INTRODUCTION
A. The New Breed
B. International Undertaking: Maternal Line
C. Convention on Biological Diversity: Paternal Line
D. The PGR Treaty: A Hybrid
II. PGRFA INSTITUTIONS: THE PLANT FAMILY
A. UN Food and Agriculture Organization
B. Commission on Genetic Resources
C. Global System on Plant Genetic Resources
D. Cooperation: Global Plan of Action on PGRFA
E. Ex Situ: PGR Collection Networks
F. Ex Situ: Information and Early Warning System
G. In Situ: Code for Germplasm Collecting and Transfer
H. In Situ: Conservation
I. General Information: State of the World's PGRFA
III. INTERNATIONAL UNDERTAKING: A GENETIC PROFILE
A. International Undertaking - Scope
B. International Undertaking - Access
C. International Undertaking - Benefit Sharing
D. International Undertaking - Farmers' Rights
IV. BIODIVERSTY CONVENTION: A GENETIC PROFILE
A. CBD - Scope
B. CBD - Access
C. CBD - Benefit Sharing
D. CBD - Traditional Communities
V. PGR TREATY: A SUCCESSFUL HYBRID?
A. PGR Treaty - Scope
B. PGR Treaty - Access
C. PGR Treaty - Benefit Sharing
D. PGR Treaty - Traditional Communities and Farmers' Rights
VI. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5 MANAGING ACCESS TO AUSTRALIA'S BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES - ISSUES IN DEVELOPING A NATIONAL APPROACH
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Definitions and Scope
B. Why is Managing Access a Prominent Issue?
II. DEVELOPING A STRATEGY FOR MANAGING ACCESS
A. Initial Action
B. Why a National Approach?
C. Managing Access to Australia's Biological Resources: Developing a Nationally Consistent Approach, 1998 ('the Discussion Paper')
III. IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGY FOR MANAGING ACCESS
A. The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) ('the EPBC Act')
B. The Draft Regulations
IV. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6 REGULATING ACCESS TO BIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC RESOURCES IN AUSTRALIA: A CASE STUDY OF BIOPROSPECTING IN QUEENSLAND
I. INTRODUCTION
II. CONTEXT
III. BIOPROSPECTING: THE INDUSTRY IN AUSTRALIA
A. A Brief Outline of Institutions Involved in Bioprospecting in Australia
B. Recent Bioprospecting Activity in Queensland
C. Jurisdictional Issues Arising from the Widespread Distribution of These Organisms
IV. STATUTORY CONTROLS ON ACCESS TO BIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC RESOURCES
A. Difficulties in Knowing Where to Apply for the Appropriate Approvals
B. Queensland Statutory Controls on the Collecting or Taking of Flora and Fauna
C. Relevant Commonwealth Statutory Controls
D. Impact of Export Controls
V. OUTCOMES OF BIOPROSPECTING ACTIVITY
A. Environmental Impact
B. Collaboration Opportunities
C. Product Discovery
D. Taxonomy of Biodiversity
VI. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7 THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: SOME ISSUES TO CONSIDER IN FORMULATING BIOPROSPECTING POLICY FRAMEWORKS
I. INTRODUCTION
II. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
III. OVERVIEW OF THE NSW PLANNING SYSTEM
IV. APPLYING THE PLANNING SYSTEM ON THE GROUND
V. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8 CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY VIA ACCESS TO BIORESOURCES: A NATURAL SELECTION?
I. THE IMPACT OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
II. SUSTAINABLE COMMODIFICATION AND THE RECOGNITION OF INTRINSIC VALUES
III. IN DEFENCE OF COMMODIFICATION
IV. 'WHEN PRESERVATIONISM DOESN'T PRESERVE'
V. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9 HUMAN RIGHTS DISCOURSE, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, AND LEGAL EVOLUTION
I. INTRODUCTION
II. PROFILE OF THE RIGHTS-BASED CAMPAIGN
III. STRATEGIC LEVERAGE: THE WGIP AND THE WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION ('WIPO')
A. The WGIP and WIPO
B. The Draft Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
IV. THE MAIN ARENA: THE CBD
A. Gender Issues
B. Prior Informed Consent
C. IPO Concerns about the CBD
V. HARMONIZATION?: THE INTERNATIONAL TREATY ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ('ITPGRFA')
VI. ONGOING REVIEW: THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ('TRIPS')
VII. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 10 THE ANDEAN PACT AND TRADITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE
I. INTRODUCTION
II. SOME SHORTCOMINGS OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (1992)
A. Background
B. Bioprospecting Agreements
C. The Value-added Component of Biodiversity
D. Lack of an Effective International Access Regime and an International Organization to Monitor and Enforce Bioprospecting Agreements
E. Inadequate Protection for Traditional Environmental Knowledge
III. THE COMMON REGIME ON ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES OF THE ANDEAN PACT
A. The Trade Sphere of Decision 391
B. Proposals for a Common Regime on Access to Genetic Resources
C. Decision 391 of 1996 of the Andean Pact
D. Scope
E. Purpose
F. Principles
G. Access Procedure
H. Goals
IV. CONCLUSION
INDEX
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