The New Testament Canon in Early Christianity

The term "biblical canon" refers to the collection of sacred books recognized as authoritative for the Christian faith. The concept of a canon, though central to Christian doctrine and practice, did not emerge overnight. Rather, it developed through centuries of theological reflection, debate, and decisions made by early Christian communities, and it was shaped by the complex interplay of faith, scripture, and tradition. This work aims to explore the authenticity and authority of the biblical canon in the early church, focusing on its historical development, theological implications, and the role played by key figures, texts, and councils in shaping what is recognized as sacred Scripture today.

The term "canon" comes from the Greek word kanon, meaning "rule" or "measuring stick." In its early Christian context, it came to refer to a list of writings that were considered authoritative and inspired by God. While the concept of the canon was not fully formed in the first century, the idea of authoritative writings was firmly established. Early Christians recognized that certain texts carried special weight due to their association with the apostles or their direct transmission of apostolic teaching. It was the testimony of these apostolic figures, or their closest followers, that gave a work its authority. This concept of apostolic authority is a key foundation for the later development of the canon.