First Century Galilee

Name: First Century Galilee | A Fresh Examination of the Sources
Brand: Mohr Siebeck
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A Fresh Examination of the Sources

Bradley W. Root(Autor*in)

Mohr Siebeck (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen im Oktober 2014

XVII, 228 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Preface
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1. Aims, Method, and Procedure
1.1 Aims
1.2 Method and Procedure
1.3 Structure
1.4 Translations
1.5 Terminology
1.5.1 Judea and Iudaea
1.5.2 Toponyms
1.5.3 Synoptic Gospel Sources
1.6 Archaeological Periods
Part One: Josephus
Chapter 2. Josephus as a Historian
2.1 Using Josephus as a Source for Galilee
2.1.1 Josephus' Personal Agenda
2.1.2 Josephus and His Audience
2.1.3 Josephus' Rhetorical Aims
2.1.4 Outside Checks on Josephus' Reliability
2.1.5 Using Josephus as a Historical Source
2.2 A Methodological Note
Chapter 3. Josephus' Portrayal of Galilee
3.1 Ethnicity
3.1.1 Ethnic Identity in the Ptolemaic and Seleucid Periods
3.1.2 Ethnic Identity in the Hasmonean Period
3.1.3 Ethnic Identity in the Early Roman Period I
3.2 Urbanization
3.2.1 Population Numbers According to Josephus
3.2.2 Major Cities in Galilee
3.2.3 Urban-Rural Relations
3.2.4 Urbanization and Taxation
3.3 The Economy
3.3.1 Monetization
3.3.2 Prosperity and Poverty
3.3.3 Interregional Trade
3.3.4 Taxation
3.4 Political Climate
3.4.1 Rulers of Galilee
3.4.2 Patronage
3.4.3 John of Gischala as a Local Leader
3.4.4 Local Politics in Tiberias
3.4.5 Class Conflict
3.4.6 Bandits and Revolutionaries Before 66 CE
3.5 Religious Ethos
3.5.1 Jewish Religious Identity
3.5.2 Aniconism
3.5.3 Pharisees
3.6 Hellenization and Romanization
3.6.1 The Herodian Rulers and Pro-Roman Propaganda
3.6.2 Greco-Roman Institutions
3.6.3 Linguistic Milieu
3.7 Participation in the Great Revolt
3.7.1 Fortifications
3.7.2 Banditry During the Great Revolt
3.7.3 Troops in Galilee
3.7.4 Collaboration with Rome
3.7.5 Captives and Casualties
3.8 Jewish-Gentile Relations
3.8.1 Ethnic Tensions
3.8.2 Jewish-Samaritan Relations
3.9 Relationship Between Galilee and Judea
Part Two: The Gospels
Chapter 4. The Gospel of Mark
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Information Relevant to This Inquiry
4.2 Mark's Portrayal of Galilee
4.2.1 Ethnicity
4.2.2 Urbanization
4.2.3 The Economy
4.2.4 Political Climate
4.2.5 Religious Ethos
4.2.6 Hellenization and Romanization
4.2.7 Jewish-Gentile Relations
4.2.8 Relationship Between Galilee and Judea
Chapter 5. The Synoptic Sayings Source (Q)
5.1 Redaction Criticism and Q
5.1.1 Redaction in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke
5.1.2 Methodological Issues
5.1.3 Methodological Implications for This Inquiry
5.2 Q's Provenance
5.2.1 Arguments for a Galilean Provenance
5.2.2 Conclusions About Q's Provenance
5.3 Using Q as a Source for Galilee
5.3.1 Q's Literary Setting
5.3.2 Information Relevant to This Inquiry
5.4 Q's Portrayal of Galilee
5.4.1 Ethnicity
5.4.2 Urbanization
5.4.3 The Economy
5.4.4 Political Climate
5.4.5 Religious Ethos
5.4.6 Jewish-Gentile Relations
5.4.7 Relationship Between Galilee and Judea
Chapter 6. The Gospel of Matthew
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 The Special Matthean Material
6.1.2 Matthean Redaction to Mark and Q
6.1.3 Methodological Implications of the Synoptic Problem
6.1.4 Date and Provenance
6.1.5 About the Author
6.1.6 Matthew's Tendencies
6.1.7 Information Relevant to This Inquiry
6.2 Matthew's Portrayal of Galilee
6.2.1 Ethnicity
6.2.2 Urbanization
6.2.3 The Economy
6.2.4 Political Climate
6.2.5 Religious Ethos
6.2.6 Jewish-Gentile Relations
6.2.7 Relationship Between Galilee and Judea
Chapter 7. The Gospel of Luke
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 About the Author
7.1.2 Date and Provenance
7.1.3 Information Relevant to This Inquiry
7.2 Luke's Portrayal of Galilee
7.2.1 Ethnicity
7.2.2 Urbanization
7.2.3 The Economy
7.2.4 Political Climate
7.2.5 Religious Ethos
7.2.6 Jewish-Gentile Relations
7.2.7 Relationship Between Galilee and Judea
Chapter 8. The Gospel of John
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Date and Provenance
8.1.2 Cultural and Religious Context
8.1.3 Information Relevant to This Inquiry
8.2 John's Portrayal of Galilee
8.2.1 Ethnicity
8.2.2 Urbanization
8.2.3 The Economy
8.2.4 Political Climate
8.2.5 Religious Ethos
8.2.6 Hellenization and Romanization
8.2.7 Jewish-Gentile Relations
8.2.8 Relationship Between Galilee and Judea
Chapter 9. The Gospel of Thomas
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Date
9.1.2 Provenance
9.1.3 Theological Tendencies
9.1.4 Literary Setting
9.1.5 Information Relevant to This Inquiry
9.2 Thomas' Portrayal of Galilee
9.2.1 The Economy
9.2.2 Political Climate
9.2.3 Religious Ethos
Part Three: Archaeology
Chapter 10. Galilee's Material Culture
10.1 Population Size and Settlement Patterns
10.1.1 The Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods (ca. 500-100 BCE)
10.1.2 The Late Hellenistic Period (ca. 100-50 BCE)
10.1.3 The Early Roman Period (ca. 50 BCE-135 CE)
10.2 Human and Animal Remains
10.2.1 Human Remains
10.2.2 Pig Bones
10.3 Small Finds
10.3.1 Pottery and Limestone Vessels
10.3.2 Brass
10.3.3 Epigraphy
10.4 Coins
10.4.1 Coins Circulating in Galilee
10.4.2 Coins Minted in Galilee
10.5 Architecture
10.5.1 Synagogues
10.5.2 Basilicas
10.5.3 Theaters
10.5.4 Other Public Structures in Tiberias
10.5.5 Marble and Frescoes
10.5.6 Fortifications
10.5.7 Miqvaot
10.5.8 Olive and Wine Presses
Chapter 11. Interpretation of the Archaeological Evidence
11.1 Ethnicity
11.1.1 Ethnic Identity in the Persian and Hellenistic Periods
11.1.2 Ethnic Identity in the Late Hellenistic Period
11.1.3 Ethnic Identity in the Early Roman Period
11.2 Urbanization
11.2.1 Urbanization in Galilee
11.2.2 Rural Settlements
11.2.3 Bronze Coinage and Urbanization
11.3 The Economy
11.3.1 Economic Growth
11.3.2 Social Stratification
11.3.3 Demographics, Population Pressures, and Living Standards
11.3.4 Human Remains and Living Standards
11.3.5 Trade
11.3.6 Monetization
11.4 Political Climate
11.4.1 Local Politics
11.4.2 Pro-Roman Propaganda
11.4.3 Antipas' Rivalries With Other Rulers
11.5 Religious Ethos
11.5.1 Absence of Pagan Temples and Cultic Objects
11.5.2 Synagogues
11.5.3 Absence of Figurative Art
11.5.4 Ritual Purity in Galilee
11.6 Hellenization and Romanization
11.6.1 Greek Language in Galilee
11.6.2 Evidence of Romanization
11.6.3 Evidence of Galilean Resistance to Romanization
11.7 Participation in the Great Revolt
11.7.1 Fortifications
11.7.2 Evidence of Sieges and Destruction
11.7.3 Numismatic Evidence for Galilean Sentiment About the Revolt
11.7.4 Human Remains at Yodefat
11.7.5 Depopulation After the Revolt
11.8 Jewish-Gentile Relations
11.8.1 Interregional Trade
11.8.2 Ethnic Tensions
11.8.3 Galilean Insularity
11.9 Relationship Between Galilee and Judea
11.9.1 Parallel Cultural Trends in Galilee and Judea
11.9.2 Trade Between Galilee and Judea
Part Four: Historical Interpretation
Chapter 12. Synthesis and Conclusions
12.1 Ethnicity
12.1.1 Who Was and Was Not Jewish in Antiquity?
12.1.2 Horsley's Northern Israelite Theory
12.1.3 Galileans as Judean Settlers
12.2 Urbanization
12.2.1 The Context: Mediterranean Urbanization
12.2.2 Urbanization
12.2.3 Rural Growth
12.2.4 Urban-Rural Relations
12.3 The Economy
12.3.1 How Much Can We Know About Ancient Economies?
12.3.2 Ancient Economies as Underdeveloped
12.3.3 The Pax Romana
12.3.4 The Economic Consequences of Urbanization
12.3.5 Monetization
12.3.6 Evidence for Economic Problems Before the Revolt
12.3.7 Evidence for Economic Growth and Stability Before the Revolt
12.3.8 The Economic Impact of Antipas' Rule
12.3.9 The Economy During and After the Revolt
12.4 Political Climate
12.4.1 Galilee's Political Climate Under Herod the Great
12.4.2 The Political Climate Under Antipas and Agrippa I
12.4.3 The Political Climate After Agrippa I's Death
12.4.4 The Political Climate During the Revolt
12.4.5 Banditry
12.4.6 Class Relations
12.5 Religious Ethos
12.5.1 Stricter Religious Practices
12.5.2 Synagogues
12.5.3 Pharisees
12.6 Hellenization and Romanization
12.6.1 Regional Cultures Within Galilee
12.6.2 Resistance to Romanization
12.6.3 Language
12.6.4 Hellenization and Romanization in Galilee
12.7 Participation in the Great Revolt
12.7.1 Josephus vs. Archaeology
12.7.2 Galilean Support for the Revolt
12.7.3 Why Was Galilee Less Revolutionary Than Judea?
12.7.4 The Revolt's Aftermath
12.8 Jewish-Gentile Relations
12.8.1 Interregional Trade
12.8.2 Ethic Tensions and Violence
12.8.3 Jewish-Samaritan Relations
12.8.4 Contact Between Galileans and Gentiles
12.9 Galilee and Judea
12.9.1 Galilean and Judean Culture
12.9.2 Trade Between Galilee and Judea
12.9.3 Galilean Subordination to Judea?
12.9.4 Temple/Religious Authorities and Galilee
12.10 Summary of Conclusions
12.10.1 The Picture of Conflict or the Picture of Harmony?
Appendix 1: Q Passages
Appendix 2: The Special Matthean Material (M)
Appendix 3: The Special Lukan Material (L)
Bibliography
Index of Ancient Sources
Old Testament
New Testament
Rabbinic Sources
Josephus
Apocryphal Christian Texts
Other Greek and Latin Sources
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Subjects and Key Terms

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