Post-Quantum Security for AI

Preface.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

PART I Introduction to the Technological Threats.. . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1 Understanding the Technological Singularity.. . . . . . . 3

Objectives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Technological Singularity.. . . . . . . . . . . 4

Defining the Technological Singularity. . . . . . . . . 5

The Evolution of AGI.. . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Risk of the Singularity.. . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Chapter 2 Quantum Computing and Its Implications.. . . . . . . 27

Objectives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Basics of Quantum Computing. . . . . . . . . . 28

Quantum Computing's Threat to Cryptography.. . . . . . . 29

Future of Quantum Technologies: Comparative Analysis.. . . . . 40

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

PART II Defining the Concept of Digital Security by Design.. . . . . 51

Chapter 3 Current Digital Security Systems.. . . . . . . . . . 53

Objectives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Overview of Digital Identity Systems.. . . . . . . . . 54

Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Its Limitations.. . . . . . 60

Decentralized Security Models: Blockchain and Beyond. . . . . 65

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Chapter 4 The Opportunities and Risks Related to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) in Cybersecurity.. . 79

Objectives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

AGI Capabilities in Autonomous Attacks. . . . . . . . 80

How AGI Poses Unique Security Threats.. . . . . . . . 86

Case Studies of AI-Driven Cyberattacks. . . . . . . . . 89

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

PART III Quantum-Resistant Cryptography.. . . . . . . . . 105

Chapter 5 Post-Quantum Cryptography: The New NIST Standards.. . . . 107

Objectives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Lattice-Based Cryptography.. . . . . . . . . . 108

Ring Learning with Errors.. . . . . . . . . . . 114

NIST Standards for Post-Quantum Cryptography.. . . . . . 122

Case Study: Behavioral Analysis with Falcon X AI: Analyzing Advanced Quantum Malware Strains.. . 127

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Chapter 6 Implementing Quantum-Safe Solutions.. . . . . . . . 151

Objectives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Practical Deployment of Post-quantum Algorithms. . . . . . 152

Overcoming Challenges in Quantum-Safe Implementations.. . . . 161

Scalability and Efficiency in Quantum-Safe Systems. . . . . . 171

Case Study on PQC and Emerging AI Threats.. . . . . . . 177

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

PART IV Defending Against AGI Threats.. . . . . . . . . . 199

Chapter 7 AI-Driven Defenses and Threat Mitigation.. . . . . . . 201

Objectives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

AI and Machine Learning in Cybersecurity.. . . . . . . . 202

Using AI to Defend Against AI: Generative Adversarial Networks. . . 203

Generative AI for Cybersecurity: Practical Applications and Code Demonstrations. . 204

Reinforcement Learning for AGI Threat Mitigation. . . . . . 208

Case Study on AI and Machine Learning in Cybersecurity: Static Analysis with DeepCode AI (Snyk).. . 210

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Chapter 8 Securing Digital Identities in an AGI World.. . . . . . . 229

Objectives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Decentralized Digital Identity Systems.. . . . . . . . 230

Zero-Knowledge Proofs and Homomorphic Encryption. . . . . 233

Blockchain for Identity Verification.. . . . . . . . . 239

Case Study: Open-Source Alternatives for AI-Driven Malware Analysis and Threat Detection... . 243

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

PART V The Future of Digital Security. . . . . . . . . . 271

Chapter 9 Future-Proofing Digital Security Systems. . . . . . . 273

Objectives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Preparing for Life Post-Singularity. . . . . . . . . 274

Roadmap for Quantum and AGI-Safe Infrastructure. . . . . . 276

Regulatory and Ethical Considerations. . . . . . . . 278

Case Study: Hybrid Analysis 2.0 for AI Malware Analysis and Enhanced

Threat Detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Chapter 10 Adapting to the Future: Quantum and AGI Security Requirements.. 299

Objectives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Quantum-Resistant and AGI-Safe Solutions.. . . . . . . 300

Practical Implementation of Post-Quantum Cryptographic Standards. . 301

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306



9780135435922, TOC, 5/28/25