Archean and Proterozoic Earth

Name: Archean and Proterozoic Earth | Infancy and Adolescence of the Planet Earth
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Infancy and Adolescence of the Planet Earth

Pascal Philippot(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 6. Oktober 2025

381 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1. Thermal Evolution of the Earth
1.1. Brief historical note
1.2. The present-day heat budget
1.3. The Hadean Earth
1.4. Direct observations of thermal evolution
1.5. Parameterized models of evolution
1.5.1. Heat transfer by convection
1.5.2. Classic cooling models and thermal catastrophe
1.5.3. Effect of a different exponent ß
1.5.4. Effects of continents
1.5.5. Effects of Earth's layered structure
1.5.6. Thermal evolution of the core
1.5.7. Effects of a stratified mantle
1.6. Conclusion
1.7. References
Chapter 2. Dynamics of the Mantle, Lithosphere, and Crust in the Archean
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Change in the composition of the upper continental crust: plate tectonics or denudation?
2.2.1. A crustal perspective on continental growth
2.2.2. A mantle perspective on continental growth
2.3. Archean tectonics
2.3.1. Beyond observations: numerical geodynamics
2.4. Conclusions
2.5. References
Chapter 3. Precambrian Magnetic Field and Paleogeographic Reconstructions
3.1. Introductory overview of Earth's magnetic field
3.1.1. The magnetic field in the Ediacaran
3.1.2. The Proterozoic: tracing back to the Archean (from 635 to 2,500 Ma)
3.1.3. In the Archean (and before)
3.1.4. Life under an unstable and weak magnetic field
3.2. Using the Earth's magnetic field record to build paleogeographic reconstructions
3.2.1. Insights from paleogeographic reconstructions
3.2.2. Reconstructing the paleopositions of cratonic blocks and paleogeographies: paleomagnetism
3.3. Precambrian paleogeographic models
3.3.1. Supercratons/supercontinents
3.3.2. The Archean and paleoproterozoic
3.3.3. From the Paleoproterozoic to the Mesoproterozoic: Nuna supercontinent
3.3.4. From the Mesoproterozoic to the Neoproterozoic: the Rodinia supercontinent
3.3.5. The end of the Precambrian: toward the formation of Gondwana
3.4. References
Chapter 4. Archean Magmatism
4.1. Introduction
4.2. The lavas of the greenstone belts
4.2.1. Basic and ultrabasic lavas
4.2.2. Basic and intermediate lavas with "arc" affinity
4.2.3. Acidic lavas and pyroclastic rocks
4.3. Granitoids
4.3.1. Granitoids derived from the melting of crustal lithologies
4.3.2. Granitoids associated with a differentiation lineage: a mantle origin
4.4. Gray gneisses
4.5. Geodynamic considerations
4.5.1. The magmas of the present-day Earth and their geodynamic significance
4.5.2. Archean magmas and the dynamics of the ancient Earth
4.5.3. On "subduction"
4.5.4. The temporal evolution of Archean magmas
4.6. References
Chapter 5. Temperature and Chemical Composition of Precambrian Oceans
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Very ancient oceans
5.2.1. Liquid water on Earth since the Hadean
5.2.2. The origin of water
5.3. Ocean temperature during the Precambrian
5.3.1. The faint young Sun paradox
5.3.2. The importance of cherts in paleo-temperature reconstructions
5.4. Characteristics and chemical evolution of the early oceans
5.4.1. Ocean salinity
5.4.2. Ocean alkalinity
5.4.3. Ocean pH
5.4.4. A story that smells of sulfur: from ferruginous to euxinic, the redox evolution of the oceans
5.4.5. The evolution of metal element concentrations
5.5. Conclusions and prospects
5.6. References
Chapter 6. Oxygenation of the Atmosphere
6.1. Introduction
6.2. The major steps in oxygenation
6.3. The origin of free dioxygen
6.4. Factors controlling atmospheric oxygen levels
6.5. The beginnings of oxygenation
6.5.1. Biological record
6.5.2. Geological record
6.5.3. Sulfur isotope anomalies (MIF-S)
6.6. The great oxidation event (2.45-2.2 Ga)
6.7. The Boring Billion: 1.8-0.8 Ga
6.8. Atmospheric oxygenation in the Neoproterozoic (NOE - 800-600 Ma)
6.8.1. Very specific paleogeographic and tectonic conditions
6.8.2. The Cryogenian: the "Snowball Earth"
6.8.3. NOE and the key role of microbial sulfate reduction
6.8.4. The emergence of the animal world in the Neoproterozoic
6.9. References
Chapter 7. Carbon, Sulfur and Iron Biogeochemical Cycles
7.1. Introduction
7.2. The biogeochemical carbon cycle
7.2.1. Main carbon reservoirs and fluxes
7.2.2. The d13Ccarb of carbonate sedimentary rocks: a record of the d13C of DIC in the oceans
7.2.3. The d13Corg of sedimentary rocks: a record of organic matter synthesis metabolisms
7.2.4. Conclusion on the carbon cycle
7.3. The biogeochemical sulfur cycle
7.3.1. General overview: sources, sinks and fluxes
7.3.2. Sedimentary record of the sulfur cycle
7.3.3. Variability of sulfur isotopic compositions over geological time
7.3.4. Conclusions on the sulfur cycle
7.4. The biogeochemical iron cycle
7.4.1. Distribution and speciation of iron in major terrestrial reservoirs
7.4.2. Role of iron in the biosphere
7.4.3. A central element in Precambrian biogeochemical cycles
7.4.4. Record of the iron biogeochemical cycle in Precambrian oceans
7.4.5. Secular variations in iron isotopic compositions
7.4.6. Summary of iron cycle evolution in the Precambrian
7.5. Conclusion on the functioning and interrelationships of the C, S and Fe cycles in the Precambrian
7.6. References
Chapter 8. Origins of Life and the Fossil Record
8.1. Introduction
8.2. The question of origins
8.2.1. Scenarios for the beginnings of life
8.2.2. Limits of prebiotic chemistry
8.3. The ancient fossil record
8.3.1. The Apex microfossils
8.3.2. The fossil record of Isua and Akilia
8.3.3. Archean stromatolites
8.3.4. On the concept of biosignature
8.4. So what now?
8.4.1. Experimental fossilization
8.4.2. Another primitive Earth
8.5. References
Chapter 9. Mineral Deposits: Au, U, Fe-Mn
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Place of the primitive and transitional Earth in the planet's metallogenic cycle
9.3. From the primordial soup to the first ore deposits
9.4. The planet's geochemical "kitchen" during the Precambrian, example of gold, uranium and iron-manganese
9.4.1. The geochemical and biochemical cycle of gold
9.4.2. The geochemical cycle of uranium
9.4.3. The geochemical cycle of iron and manganese
9.5. Gold on Earth during the Meso- and Neoarchean
9.6. Uranium, the "traveling companion" of gold in the Meso- and Neoarchean
9.6.1. 4.55-3.1 Ga: formation of the primitive uranium reservoir in refractory accessory minerals
9.6.2. 3.1-2.2 Ga: formation of the first peraluminous granites with Th-rich uraninite and bacterial and gravitational enrichment in giant paleoplacers
9.6.3. 2.2-0.45 Ga: first redox traps and crustal metasomatic deposits
9.6.4. 0.45 Ga-present: uranium trapping in sandstones and redox fronts
9.7. Iron and manganese on Earth in the Neoarchean-Proterozoic
9.7.1. Importance of iron and manganese resources
9.7.2. Mineralogy of banded iron and manganese ores and nature of precursor sediments
9.7.3. Arguments for a hydrothermal source of iron, manganese and silica
9.7.4. The fundamental role of life in oxidation mechanisms of iron and manganese behind BIF formation
9.7.5. Classification and depositional models of Precambrian banded iron and manganese formations
9.8. Conclusions
9.9. References
List of Authors
Index
EULA

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