Predictive Toxicology

Preface

INTRODUCTION TO PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY TOOLS AND METHODS
Computational Tools and Bioinformatics
Omics Technologies
Data Interpretation and Knowledge Management
Biomarker Development
Advanced In Vitro Systems and Stem Cell Research
Immunogenicity
Integration and Validation
Research Initiative/Collaborations
Concluding Remarks

IN SILICO TOXICOLOGY - CURRENT APPROACHES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES TO PREDICT TOXIC EFFECTS WITH COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS
Introduction
Prediction of Hazard
Prediction of Risk
Thoughts on Validation
Conclusions and Outlook

IN SILICO APPROACHES: DATA MANAGEMENT - BIOINFORMATICS
Introduction
Experimental Setup and Statistical Power
Properties of Different Omics Data
Statistical Methods
Prediction and Classification
Combining Different Omics Data and Biological Interpretations
Data Management

ROLE OF MODELING AND SIMULATION IN TOXICOLOGY PREDICTION
Introduction
The Need to Bring PK and PD in Predictive Models Together
Methodological Aspects and Concepts
Application During Lead Optimization
Application During Clinical Candidate Selection
Entry-into-Human Preparation and Translational PK/PD Modeling
Justification of Starting Dose, Calculatin of Safety Margins, and Support of Phase I Clinical Trial Design
Outlook and Conclusions

GENOMIC APPLICATIONS FOR ASSESSING TOXICITIES OF LIVER AND KIDNEY INJURY
Introduction
Toxicogenomic Approaches
Specific Applications of Toxicogenomics
Toxicogenomic Applications for the Better Understanding of Hepatotoxicity
Toxicogenomic Profiling of Nephrotoxicity
Limitations of Toxicogenomics
Conclusions

USE OF TOXICOGENOMICS FOR MECHANISTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF HEPATOCARCINOGENS IN SHORTER TERM STUDIES
Introduction
Toxicogenomics
Conclusions and Outlook

DISCOVERY AND APPLICATION OF NOVEL BIOMARKERS
Introduction
Novel RNA Biomarkers
DNA as a Biomarker
Novel Biomarkers: Beyond Nucleotide-Based Discovery
Summary and Outlook

PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY: GENETICS, GENOMICS, EPIGENETICS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING IN TOXICOLOGY
Introduction
Technological Advances
Applications in Toxicology
Summary and Outlook

BIOMARKERS AS TOOLS FOR PREDICTIVE SAFETY ASSESSMENT: NOVEL MARKERS OF DRUG-INDUCED KIDNEY INJURY
Need and Search for Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Injury
Urinary Biomarkers of Drug-Induced Kidney Injury
Genomic Biomarkers
Qualification and Use of Novel Kidney Injury Biomarkers in Preclinical Safety Assessment
Summary and Perspectives

THE USE OF RENAL CELL CULTURE FOR NEPHROTOXICITY INVESTIGATIONS
Introduction
In Vitro Renal Models
Stem Cells
Optimal Cell Culture Conditions
In Vitro Nephrotoxicity Assessment
Outlook

THE ZEBRAFISH MODEL IN TOXICOLOGY
The Need for a Physiologically Relevant Organ Model in Drug Toxicity Testing
Extensive Knowledge about Genetics, Development, and Physiology of D. rerio
Studies of Specific Organ Toxicities in Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae

PREDICTIVE METHOD DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGES FOR COSMETICS AND GENOTOXICITY AS A CASE STUDY
Introduction
The Toolbox of Predicitve Methods
Genotoxicity as a Case Study
The Way Forward: Combining In Silico and In Vitro Tools

USING PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS AND THEIR PROGENY AS AN IN VITRO MODEL TO ASSESS (DEVELOPMENTAL) NEUROTOXICITY
Introduction
Neurodevelopment In Vivo
Main Principle of In Vitro Test Systems to Model DNT
Requirements of an In Vitro Test System for DNT/NT
Modeling of Disease and Toxicant-Induced Damage
Using Stem Cells to Assess (Developmental) Neurotoxicity
Limitations

STEM CELL-BASED METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY POTENTIAL
Introduction
Developmental Toxicity Screening: Past and Present
Pluripotent Stem Cells
Metabolomics
Stem Cell-Based In Vitro Screens for Developmental Toxicity Testing
Summary

IMMUNOGENICITY OF PROTEIN THERAPEUTICS: RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MITIGATION
Introduction
The Central Role of CD4+ T Cells
Generation of T-Cell Epitopes
Tolerance to Therapeutic Drugs
Tool Set for Immunogenicity Risk Assessment
Immunogenicity Risk Mitigation
The Integrated Strategy of Risk Min