Environmental and Pollution Science

Part 1 Processes Affecting Fate and Transport of ContaminantsChapter 1 The Extent of Global Pollution 1.1 Science and Pollution 1.2 Global Perspective of the Environment 1.3 Pollution and Population Pressures 1.4 Overview of Environmental Characterization 1.5 Advances in Analytical Detection Technology 1.6 The Risk Based Approach to Pollution Science 1.7 Waste Management, Site Remediation, and Ecosystem Restoration References and Additional ReadingChapter 2 Physical-Chemical Characteristics of Soils and the Subsurface 2.1 Soil and Subsurface Environments 2.2 Solid Phase 2.3 Gaseous Phase 2.4 Liquid Phase 2.5 Basic Physical Properties Questions and Problems References and Additional Reading Chapter 3 Physical-Chemical Characteristics of Waters 3.1 The Watery Planet3.2 Unique Properties of Water3.3 Mechanical Properties3.4 The Universal Solvent 3.5 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 3.6 Light in Aquatic Environments 3.7 Oceans 3.8 Lakes and Reservoirs-The Lentic System 3.9 Streams and Rivers-The Lotic System 3.10 Groundwater-Water in the Subsurface 3.11 A Watershed Approach Questions and ProblemsReferences and Additional Reading Chapter 4 Physical-Chemical Characteristics of the Atmosphere 4.1 Chemical Composition 4.2 Physical Properties and Structure Questions and Problems References and Additional Reading Chapter 5 Biotic Characteristics of the Environment 5.1 Major Groups of Organisms 5.2 Microorganisms in Surface Soils 5.3 Microorganisms in the Subsurface 5.4 Biological Generation of Energy 5.5 Soil as an Environment for Microbes 5.6 Activity and Physiological State of Microbes in Soil 5.7 Enumeration of Soil Bacteria via Dilution and Plating 5.8 Microorganisms in Air 5.9 Microorganisms in Surface WaterReferences and Additional Reading Chapter 6 Physical Processes Affecting Contaminant Transport and Fate 6.1 Contaminant Transport and Fate in the Environment 6.2 Contaminant Properties6.3 Advection 6.4 Dispersion 6.5 Mass Transfer 6.6 Transformation Reactions 6.7 Characterizing Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Contaminants6.8 Estimating Phase Distributions of Contaminants6.9 Quantifying Contaminant Transport and Fate Questions and Problems References and Additional Reading Chapter 7 Chemical Processes Affecting Contaminant Transport and Fate7.1 Introduction 7.2 Basic Properties of Inorganic Contaminants 7.3 Basic Properties of Organic Contaminants 7.4 Sorption Processes 7.5 Abiotic Transformation Reactions Questions and Problems References and Additional Reading Chapter 8 Biological Processes Affecting Contaminant Transport and Fate 8.1 Biological Effects on Pollutants 8.2 The Overall Process of Biodegradation 8.3 Microbial Activity and Biodegradation 8.4 Biodegradation Pathways 8.5 Transformation of Metal Pollutants Questions and Problems References and Additional Reading Part 2 Monitoring, Assessment, and Regulation of Environmental PollutionChapter 9 Physical Contaminants 9.1 Particle Origins 9.2 Particle Size 9.3 Particles in Air or Aerosols9.4 Particulates in Water9.5 Summary Questions and Problems References and Additional Reading Chapter 10 Chemical Contaminants 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Types of Contaminants 10.3 Sources: Agricultural Activities 10.4 Sources: Industrial and Manufacturing Activities 10.5 Sources: Municipal Waste 10.6 Sources: Service-Related Activities 10.7 Sources: Resource Extraction/Production 10.8 Sources: Radioactive Contaminants 10.9 Natural Sources of Contaminants Questions and Problems References and Additional Reading Chapter 11 Microbial Contaminants 11.1 Water-Related Microbial Disease 11.2 Classes of Diseases and Types of Pathogens 11.3 Types of Pathogenic Organisms 11.4 Sources of Pathogens in the Environment 11.5 Fate and Transport of Pathogens in the Environment 11.6 Standards and Criteria for Indicators Questions and Problems References and Additional Reading Chapter 12The Role of Environmental Monitoring in Pollution Science 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Sampling and Monitoring Basics 12.