Redescribing Jesus' Divinity Through a Social Science Theory

1 - Cover [Seite 1]
2 - Preface [Seite 8]
3 - Table of Contents [Seite 12]
4 - Abbreviations [Seite 18]
5 - Introduction [Seite 22]
5.1 - 1. Forgiveness and Jesus' Identity in Mark 2: A Short History of Interpretation [Seite 24]
5.1.1 - 1.1. Jesus Forgives as a Divine Being [Seite 24]
5.1.2 - 1.2. Jesus Has a Divine Authority [Seite 25]
5.1.3 - 1.3. Jesus Forgives as a Prophet [Seite 26]
5.1.4 - 1.4. Jesus Forgives as an Angelomorphic Messiah [Seite 27]
5.1.5 - 1.5. Jesus Forgives as Messiah [Seite 27]
5.1.6 - 1.6. Jesus Forgives as a Priest [Seite 28]
5.1.7 - 1.7. Conclusion [Seite 29]
5.2 - 2. Methodology [Seite 31]
5.2.1 - 2.1. Theories of Identity [Seite 31]
5.2.1.1 - 2.1.1. Social Identity Theory [Seite 31]
5.2.1.2 - 2.1.2. Identity Theory [Seite 31]
5.2.1.3 - 2.1.3. Communication Theory of Identity [Seite 32]
5.2.2 - 2.2. The Final Form of Mark's Text [Seite 36]
5.2.3 - 2.3. Reading Backwards [Seite 37]
5.3 - 3. The Scope and the Argument of the Thesis [Seite 38]
6 - Part I: The Divine Identity of YHWH and of Jesus [Seite 40]
6.1 - Chapter 1: YHWH's Divine Identity in Ancient Judaism - a Synthesis [Seite 42]
6.1.1 - 1. The Personal Layer of Identity [Seite 43]
6.1.1.1 - 1.1. YHWH's Divine Name [Seite 43]
6.1.1.2 - 1.2. YHWH's Divine Characteristics [Seite 45]
6.1.2 - 2. The Enactment Layer of Identity [Seite 50]
6.1.2.1 - 2.1. The Salvation from Egypt (Exod 6:7 [Seite 50]
6.1.2.2 - 2.2. The Protection from the Assyrians in the Time of Hezekiah (Isa 37:15-20 [Seite 52]
6.1.2.3 - 2.3. The Protection from the Assyrians in the Time of Judith (Jdt 9:7-14) [Seite 52]
6.1.2.4 - 2.4. The National Protection from Antiochus IV Epiphanes (Sir 36:1-22) [Seite 53]
6.1.2.5 - 2.5. The Judgment toward Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Mercy to the Nation (2 Macc 7:37) [Seite 53]
6.1.2.6 - 2.6. The Judgment Against Judah During the Reign of Josiah (Josephus, A.J. 10.60-61) [Seite 54]
6.1.2.7 - 2.7. The Miracle of Sending Fire (1 Kgs 18:21-39 [Seite 54]
6.1.2.8 - 2.8. Conclusion [Seite 55]
6.1.3 - 3. The Relational Layer of Identity [Seite 56]
6.1.3.1 - 3.1. The Relational Identity vis-à-vis Creation [Seite 56]
6.1.3.1.1 - 3.1.1. One Creator and Jewish Monotheism [Seite 57]
6.1.3.1.2 - 3.1.2. Philo's Logos Doctrine [Seite 62]
6.1.3.1.3 - 3.1.3. Conclusion [Seite 64]
6.1.3.2 - 3.2. The Relational Identity vis-à-vis Israel [Seite 64]
6.1.3.2.1 - 3.2.1. YHWH as King [Seite 64]
6.1.3.2.2 - 3.2.2. YHWH as Husband [Seite 65]
6.1.3.2.3 - 3.2.3. YHWH as Father [Seite 66]
6.1.3.2.4 - 3.2.4. YHWH as God [Seite 67]
6.1.3.2.5 - 3.2.5. Conclusion [Seite 68]
6.1.3.3 - 3.3. Conclusion [Seite 68]
6.1.4 - 4. The Communal Layer of Identity [Seite 69]
6.1.5 - 5. Conclusion [Seite 73]
6.2 - Chapter 2: Jesus' Divine Identity in Mark - A Synthesis [Seite 74]
6.2.1 - 1. The Personal Layer of Identity [Seite 74]
6.2.1.1 - 1.1. Kurios: Jesus' Identity Marker (Mark 1:2-3) [Seite 74]
6.2.1.2 - 1.2. "I AM": Jesus' Identity Marker (Mark 6:45-52) [Seite 78]
6.2.1.3 - 1.3. The Divine Characteristics of Jesus [Seite 78]
6.2.1.3.1 - 1.3.1. Holiness? (Mark 1:21-27) [Seite 79]
6.2.1.3.2 - 1.3.2. Knowledge of Thoughts (Mark 2:6-8) [Seite 81]
6.2.1.3.3 - 1.3.3. Goodness? (Mark 10:17-22) [Seite 82]
6.2.1.4 - 1.4. Conclusion [Seite 84]
6.2.2 - 2. The Enactment Layer of Identity [Seite 84]
6.2.2.1 - 2.1. Teaching Activity [Seite 85]
6.2.2.2 - 2.2. Miracles [Seite 85]
6.2.2.2.1 - 2.2.1. The Healing of the Leper (Mark 1:40-44) [Seite 86]
6.2.2.2.2 - 2.2.2. Power over Wind and Waves (Mark 4:35-41) [Seite 88]
6.2.2.2.3 - 2.2.3. Walking on the Sea (Mark 6:45-52) [Seite 91]
6.2.2.3 - 2.3. Conclusion [Seite 92]
6.2.3 - 3. The Relational Layer of Identity [Seite 93]
6.2.3.1 - 3.1. The Bridegroom (Mark 2:18-22) [Seite 93]
6.2.3.2 - 3.2. Lord over the Sabbath (Mark 2:28) [Seite 94]
6.2.3.3 - 3.3. Electing the Twelve (Mark 3:13-19) [Seite 96]
6.2.3.4 - 3.4. Conclusion [Seite 98]
6.2.4 - 4. The Communal Layer of Identity [Seite 98]
6.2.5 - 5. Conclusion [Seite 100]
7 - Part II: Forgiveness [Seite 104]
7.1 - Chapter 3: What Is Forgiveness and Who can Forgive? [Seite 106]
7.1.1 - 1. Forgiveness - A Philosophical Perspective [Seite 106]
7.1.2 - 2. Forgiveness in Ancient Judaism [Seite 109]
7.1.2.1 - 2.1. Human Forgiveness [Seite 116]
7.1.2.2 - 2.2. Divine Forgiveness [Seite 119]
7.1.2.3 - 2.3. Divine & Human Forgiveness [Seite 124]
7.1.3 - 3. Conclusion [Seite 125]
7.2 - Chapter 4: Forgiveness and Divine Identity in Judaism [Seite 128]
7.2.1 - 1. Exodus 34:6-7 [Seite 129]
7.2.1.1 - 1.1. Forgiveness and YHWH's Personal Identity [Seite 129]
7.2.1.2 - 1.2. Forgiveness and YHWH's Relational Privilege [Seite 130]
7.2.1.3 - 1.3. Forgiveness and YHWH's Enactment [Seite 131]
7.2.1.4 - 1.4. Conclusion [Seite 132]
7.2.2 - 2. Numbers 14:13-25 [Seite 132]
7.2.3 - 3. Psalm 103 [Seite 135]
7.2.4 - 4. Psalm 130 [Seite 135]
7.2.5 - 5. Micah 7:18-20 [Seite 137]
7.2.6 - 6. Isaiah 43:25 [Seite 139]
7.2.7 - 7. Baruch 2:11-15 [Seite 140]
7.2.8 - 8. 4QWords of the Luminaries (4Q504 1 ii 7-12) [Seite 142]
7.2.9 - 9. Psalm 155 (11Q5 xxiv 3-16) [Seite 143]
7.2.10 - 10. Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum 12:9-10 [Seite 145]
7.2.11 - 11. 4 Ezra 7:132-140 [Seite 146]
7.2.12 - 12. Conclusion [Seite 147]
7.3 - Chapter 5: Other Sources of Divine Forgiveness in Judaism? [Seite 150]
7.3.1 - 1. The Angel of Exodus 23:20-21 [Seite 150]
7.3.2 - 2. The Angel of the Lord in Zechariah 3:4 [Seite 153]
7.3.3 - 3. The High Priest and His Sons in Leviticus 10:17 and Exodus 28:38 [Seite 155]
7.3.3.1 - 3.1. The Covenantal and Cultic Perspective of Lev 10:17 and Exod 28:38 [Seite 156]
7.3.3.2 - 3.2. The Role of the Priests in Lev 10:17 [Seite 157]
7.3.3.3 - 3.3. The Role of Moses in Exod 28:38 [Seite 158]
7.3.4 - 4. The Prophet Samuel in Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae 6.92-94 [Seite 159]
7.3.4.1 - 4.1. Samuel's Response to the Appeal for Forgiveness (A.J. 6.93) [Seite 160]
7.3.4.2 - 4.2. Samuel's Intercessory Role (A.J. 6.143-144) [Seite 162]
7.3.5 - 5. The Unnamed Jewish Diviner in the Prayer of Nabonidus (4Q242/4QPrNab ar) [Seite 162]
7.3.5.1 - 5.1. Not a Reference to Forgiveness [Seite 164]
7.3.5.2 - 5.2. Forgiveness Offered by the Most High [Seite 164]
7.3.5.3 - 5.3. Forgiveness Offered by the ?????????????????? [Seite 165]
7.3.5.3.1 - 5.3.1. Contextual Inconsistency [Seite 166]
7.3.5.3.2 - 5.3.2. The Significance of the ?????????????????? [Seite 166]
7.3.5.4 - 5.4. Forgiveness Offered by the Most High but Mediated through the ?????????????????? [Seite 167]
7.3.5.5 - 5.5. Conclusion [Seite 168]
7.3.6 - 6. The Priestly Messianic Figure of CD xiv 19 [Seite 168]
7.3.6.1 - 6.1. Atonement and Forgiveness in 1QS ix 4 [Seite 169]
7.3.6.2 - 6.2. Eschatological Act of Atonement through Cultic Rituals (CD xiv 19) [Seite 170]
7.3.7 - 7. Melchizedek (11Q13 ii 6) [Seite 171]
7.3.8 - 8. The Priestly Messianic Figure of Targum Isaiah 53:4-7 [Seite 172]
7.3.9 - 9. Conclusion [Seite 174]
8 - Part III: Forgiveness and Jesus' Divine Identity in Mark 2 [Seite 176]
8.1 - Chapter 6: Jesus' Forgiveness Utterance (Mark 2:5) [Seite 178]
8.1.1 - 1. Mark 2:5 and the So-Called Divine Passives [Seite 179]
8.1.1.1 - 1.1. The Healing of the Leper (Mark 1:40-42) [Seite 181]
8.1.1.2 - 1.2. The Healing of the Man with a Withered Hand (Mark 3:5) [Seite 181]
8.1.1.3 - 1.3. The Healing of the Woman with the Hemorrhage (Mark 5:27-30) [Seite 182]
8.1.1.4 - 1.4. The Healing of the Deaf-Mute (Mark 7:32-35) [Seite 183]
8.1.1.5 - 1.5. Conclusion [Seite 183]
8.1.2 - 2. Austin's Speech Act Theory [Seite 184]
8.1.2.1 - 2.1. Speech Acts and Felicity Conditions [Seite 184]
8.1.2.2 - 2.2. Speech Acts and Grammar [Seite 185]
8.1.3 - 3. Conclusion [Seite 186]
8.2 - Chapter 7: The Response of the Scribes (Mark 2:6-7) [Seite 188]
8.2.1 - 1. Why Does this One Speak Like God? (Mark 2:7) [Seite 188]
8.2.2 - 2. Concern for Monotheism? The 'One God' Topos and Blasphemy [Seite 190]
8.2.2.1 - 2.1. The 'One God' Topos in Jewish Literature [Seite 192]
8.2.2.1.1 - 2.1.1. God's Unique Prerogatives (Sib. Or. 3.11-20) [Seite 193]
8.2.2.1.2 - 2.1.2. Concern about Plurality (Philo, Leg. 3.82) [Seite 193]
8.2.2.1.3 - 2.1.3. Rejection of Polytheism (Philo, Spec. 1.331-332) [Seite 194]
8.2.2.1.4 - 2.1.4. God's Unique Prerogative (Josephus, A.J. 8.335-343) [Seite 194]
8.2.2.1.5 - 2.1.5. God's Uniqueness (Pseudo-Phocylides 53-54) [Seite 195]
8.2.2.1.6 - 2.1.6. The 'One God' Topos and Blasphemy (Philo, Decal. 61-65) [Seite 196]
8.2.2.1.7 - 2.1.7. The 'One God' Topos and Blasphemy (Philo, Legat. 114-115, 367-368) [Seite 197]
8.2.2.2 - 2.2. The Charge of Blasphemy and the 'One God' Topos (Mark 2:7) [Seite 198]
8.2.3 - 3. Conclusion [Seite 199]
8.3 - Chapter 8: Jesus' Counter-Argument (Mark 2:8-12a) [Seite 202]
8.3.1 - 1. The Authority to Forgive and to Heal [Seite 202]
8.3.1.1 - 1.1. Major Premise (Mark 2:9) [Seite 203]
8.3.1.2 - 1.2. Minor Premise (Mark 2:11-12a) [Seite 205]
8.3.1.3 - 1.3. The Logical Conclusion (Mark 2:10) [Seite 206]
8.3.2 - 2. Forgiving: Individual or Collective Authority? (Mark 2:10) [Seite 209]
8.3.3 - 3. Conclusion [Seite 211]
8.4 - Chapter 9: The Response of the Eyewitnesses (Mark 2:12b) [Seite 214]
8.4.1 - 1. The Interpretative Problem [Seite 214]
8.4.2 - 2. The Raising of Jairus' Daughter (Mark 5:42) [Seite 216]
8.4.3 - 3. The Walking on the Water (Mark 6:51-52) [Seite 217]
8.4.4 - 4. The Healing of the Paralytic (Mark 2:12b) [Seite 218]
8.4.5 - 5. Conclusion [Seite 220]
9 - Summary and Prospects for Further Study [Seite 222]
9.1 - Summary [Seite 222]
9.2 - Prospects [Seite 226]
9.3 - Appendix 1: The Text-Critical Problem in Mark 2:5, 9 [Seite 228]
9.4 - Appendix 2: Speech Acts in Mark 2:1-12 [Seite 232]
9.5 - Bibliography [Seite 234]
9.6 - Index of Sources [Seite 252]
9.7 - Index of Modern Authors [Seite 269]
9.8 - Index of Subjects [Seite 274]