Biogeography in the Sub-Arctic

List of Contributors vii

Introduction xi
Jon P. Sadler and Eva Panagiotakopulu

Section I: Remote Origins 1

1 The Opening of the North Atlantic 3
Brian G. J. Upton

2 Cenozoic Vegetation and Phytogeography of the Sub-arctic North Atlantic 29
Friðgeir Grímsson, Thomas Denk and Reinhard Zetter

3 Interglacial Biotas from the North Atlantic Islands 51
Ole Bennike and Jens Böcher

Section II: Origins of the Present Biota 83

4 Origin and Dispersal of the North Atlantic Vascular Plant Floras 85
Christian Brochmann and Inger G. Alsos

5 The Aquatic Fauna of the North Atlantic Islands with Emphasis on Iceland 103
Gísli Már Gíslason

6 The Vascular Floras of High-Latitude Islands with Special Reference to Iceland 113
Thóra Ellen Thórhallsdóttir

7 Quaternary Vertebrates from the North Atlantic Islands 147
Ole Bennike and Bernd Wagner

8 North Atlantic Insect Faunas, Fossils and Pitfalls 161
Eva Panagiotakopulu

Section III: Human Impact 185

9 Landnám and the North Atlantic Flora 187
Kevin J. Edwards, Egill Erlendsson and J. Edward Schofield

10 Origin of the Northeast Atlantic Islands Bird Fauna: Scenarios of Ecosystem Development 215
Aevar Petersen and Bergur Olsen

11 Human Impact on North Atlantic Biota: Farming and Farm Animals, Fishing, Sealing and Whaling 251
Ingrid Mainland and Jennifer Harland

Section IV: Conservation in a Warming World 273

12 A Fleet of Silver: Local Knowledge Perceptions of Sea Ice from Iceland and Labrador/Nunatsiavut 275
Astrid E. J. Ogilvie, Brian T. Hill and Gaston R. Demarée

13 Biodiversity Conservation in the Faroe Islands Under Changing Climate and Land Use 293
Anna Maria Fosaa

14 Biodiversity Conservation in Iceland Under Changing Climate 303
Erlingur Hauksson

15 The Natural Environment and Its Biodiversity in Greenland During the Present Climate Change 339
Ib Johnsen and Henning Heide-Jørgensen

Index 359