HTML & XHTML: The Definitive Guide

Name: HTML & XHTML: The Definitive Guide | The Definitive Guide
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The Definitive Guide

Chuck Musciano(Autor*in)

O'Reilly (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 17. Oktober 2006

680 Seiten

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Beschreibung

&quote;...lucid, in-depth descriptions of the behavior of every HTML tag on every major browser and platform, plus enough dry humor to make the book a pleasure to read.&quote;--Edward Mendelson, PC Magazine&quote;When they say 'definitive' they're not kidding.&quote;--Linda Roeder, About.comPut everthing you need to know about HTML & XHTML at your fingertips. For nearly a decade, hundreds of thousands of web developers have turned to HTML & XHTML: The Definitive Guide to master standards-based web development. Truly a definitive guide, the book combines a unique balance of tutorial material with a comprehensive reference that even the most experienced web professionals keep close at hand. From basic syntax and semantics to guidelines aimed at helping you develop your own distinctive style, this classic is all you need to become fluent in the language of web design.The new sixth edition guides you through every element of HTML and XHTML in detail, explaining how each element works and how it interacts with other elements. You'll also find detailed discussions of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), which is intricately related to web page development. The most all-inclusive, up-to-date book on these languages available, this edition covers HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0, and CSS2, with a preview of the upcoming XHTML2 and CSS3. Other topics include the newer initiatives in XHTML (XForms, XFrames, and modularization) and the essentials of XML for advanced readers. You'll learn how to:Use style sheets to control your document's appearanceWork with programmatically generated HTMLCreate tables, both simple and complexUse frames to coordinate sets of documentsDesign and build interactive forms and dynamic documentsInsert images, sound files, video, Java applets, and JavaScript programsCreate documents that look good on a variety of browsersThe authors apply a natural learning approach that uses straightforward language and plenty of examples. Throughout the book, they offer suggestions for style and composition to help you decide how to best use HTML and XHTML to accomplish a variety of tasks. You'll learn what works and what doesn't, and what makes sense to those who view your web pages and what might be confusing. Written for anyone who wants to learn the language of the Web--from casual users to the full-time design professionals--this is the single most important book on HTML and XHTML you can own.Bill Kennedy is chief technical officer of MobileRobots, Inc. When not hacking new HTML pages or writing about them, &quote;Dr. Bill&quote; (Ph.D. in biophysics from Loyola University of Chicago) is out promoting the company's line of mobile, autonomous robots that can be used for artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic research, and education.Chuck Musciano began his career as a compiler writer and crafter of tools at Harris Corporations' Advanced Technology Group and is now a manager of Unix Systems in Harris' Corporate Data Center.

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Inhalt

Intro
HTML & XHTML: The Definitive Guide, 6th Edition
SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with O'Reilly
Preface
Our Audience
Text Conventions
Versions and Semantics
HTML Versus XHTML
Deprecated Features
A Definitive Guide
Using Code Examples
Safari® Enabled
Comments and Questions
Acknowledgments
1. HTML, XHTML, and the World Wide Web
1.1. The Internet
1.1.1. In the Beginning
1.1.2. HTML and the Web
1.1.3. Golden Threads
1.2. Talking the Internet Talk
1.2.1. Clients, Servers, and Browsers
1.2.2. The Flow of Information
1.2.3. Beneath the Web
1.2.4. Standards Organizations
1.2.4.1. The World Wide Web Consortium
1.2.4.2. The Internet Engineering Task Force
1.3. HTML and XHTML: What They Are
1.4. HTML and XHTML: What They Aren't
1.4.1. Content Versus Appearance
1.5. Standards and Extensions
1.5.1. Nonstandard Extensions
1.5.2. Extensions: Pro and Con
1.5.3. Avoiding Extensions
1.5.4. Extensions Through Modules
1.6. Tools for the Web Designer
1.6.1. Essentials
1.6.1.1. Text processor or WYSIWYG editor?
1.6.1.2. Browser software
1.6.2. An Extended Toolkit
2. Quick Start
2.1. Writing Tools
2.2. A First HTML Document
2.3. Embedded Tags
2.3.1. Start and End Tags
2.4. HTML Skeleton
2.5. The Flesh on an HTML or XHTML Document
2.5.1. Comments
2.5.2. Text
2.5.3. Multimedia
2.6. Text
2.6.1. Appearance of Text
2.6.1.1. Content-based text styles
2.6.1.2. Physical styles
2.6.1.3. Special text characters
2.6.2. Text Structures
2.6.2.1. Divisions, paragraphs, and line breaks
2.6.2.2. Headings
2.6.2.3. Horizontal rules
2.6.2.4. Preformatted text
2.7. Hyperlinks
2.7.1. URLs
2.7.2. Anchors
2.7.3. Hyperlink Names and Navigation
2.7.4. Anchors Beyond
2.8. Images Are Special
2.8.1. Inline Images
2.8.2. Image Maps
2.9. Lists, Searchable Documents, and Forms
2.9.1. Unordered, Ordered, and Definition Lists
2.9.2. Searchable Documents and Forms
2.10. Tables
2.11. Frames
2.12. Stylesheets and JavaScript
2.13. Forging Ahead
3. Anatomy of an HTML Document
3.1. Appearances Can Deceive
3.2. Structure of an HTML Document
3.3. Tags and Attributes
3.3.1. The Syntax of a Tag
3.3.2. Sample Tags
3.3.3. Starting and Ending Tags
3.3.4. Proper and Improper Nesting
3.3.5. Tags Without Ends
3.3.6. Omitting Tags
3.3.7. Ignored or Redundant Tags
3.4. Well-Formed Documents and XHTML
3.5. Document Content
3.5.1. Advice Versus Control
3.5.2. Character Entities
3.5.3. Comments
3.6. HTML/XHTML Document Elements
3.6.1. The &html& Tag
3.6.1.1. The dir attribute
3.6.1.2. The lang attribute
3.6.1.3. The version attribute
3.7. The Document Header
3.7.1. The &head& Tag
3.7.1.1. The dir and lang attributes
3.7.1.2. The profile attribute
3.7.2. The &title& Tag
3.7.2.1. What's in a title?
3.7.2.2. The dir and lang attributes
3.7.3. Related Header Tags
3.8. The Document Body
3.8.1. The &body& Tag
3.8.2. Frames
3.9. Editorial Markup
3.9.1. The &ins& and &del& Tags
3.9.1.1. The cite attribute
3.9.1.2. The datetime attribute
3.9.1.3. The class, dir, event, id, lang, style, title, and events attributes
3.9.2. Using Editorial Markup
3.10. The &bdo& Tag
4. Text Basics
4.1. Divisions and Paragraphs
4.1.1. The ÷& Tag
4.1.1.1. The align attribute
4.1.1.2. The nowrap attribute
4.1.1.3. The dir and lang attributes
4.1.1.4. The id attribute
4.1.1.5. The title attribute
4.1.1.6. The class and style attributes
4.1.1.7. Event attributes
4.1.2. The &p& Tag
4.1.2.1. Paragraph rendering
4.1.2.2. The align attribute
4.1.2.3. The dir and lang attributes
4.1.2.4. The class, id, style, and title attributes
4.1.2.5. Event attributes
4.1.2.6. Allowed paragraph content
4.1.2.7. Allowed paragraph usage
4.2. Headings
4.2.1. Heading Tags
4.2.1.1. The align attribute
4.2.1.2. The dir and lang attributes
4.2.1.3. The class, id, style, and title attributes
4.2.1.4. Event attributes
4.2.2. Appropriate Use of Headings
4.2.3. Using Headings for Smaller Text
4.2.4. Allowed Heading Content
4.2.5. Allowed Heading Usage
4.2.6. Adding Images to Headings
4.3. Changing Text Appearance and Meaning
4.3.1. Content-Based Styles
4.3.2. Physical Styles
4.4. Content-Based Style Tags
4.4.1. The &abbr& Tag
4.4.2. The &acronym& Tag
4.4.3. The &cite& Tag
4.4.4. The &code& Tag
4.4.5. The &dfn& Tag
4.4.6. The &em& Tag
4.4.7. The &kbd& Tag
4.4.8. The &samp& Tag
4.4.9. The &strong& Tag
4.4.10. The &var& Tag
4.4.11. The class, style, id, and title Attributes
4.4.12. The dir and lang Attributes
4.4.13. Event Attributes
4.4.14. Summary of Content-Based Tags
4.4.15. Allowed Content
4.4.16. Allowed Usage
4.4.17. Combining Content-Based Styles
4.5. Physical Style Tags
4.5.1. The &b& Tag
4.5.2. The &big& Tag
4.5.3. The &blink& Tag (Obsolete Extension)
4.5.4. The &i& Tag
4.5.5. The &s& Tag (Deprecated)
4.5.6. The &small& Tag
4.5.7. The &strike& Tag (Deprecated)
4.5.8. The ⊂& Tag
4.5.9. The ⊃& Tag
4.5.10. The &tt& Tag
4.5.11. The &u& Tag (Deprecated)
4.5.12. The dir and lang Attributes
4.5.13. The class, style, id, and title Attributes
4.5.14. Event Attributes
4.5.15. Summary of Physical Style Tags
4.5.16. Allowed Content
4.5.17. Allowed Usage
4.5.18. Combining Physical Styles
4.6. Precise Spacing and Layout
4.6.1. The &br& Tag
4.6.1.1. The clear attribute
4.6.1.2. The class, id, style, and title attributes
4.6.2. The &nobr& Tag (Extension)
4.6.3. The &wbr& Tag (Extension)
4.6.4. Better Line-Breaking Rules
4.6.5. The ⪯& Tag
4.6.5.1. Allowable content
4.6.5.2. The width attribute
4.6.5.3. The dir and lang attributes
4.6.5.4. The class, id, style, and title attributes
4.6.5.5. Event attributes
4.6.6. The &center& Tag (Deprecated)
4.6.6.1. The dir and lang attributes
4.6.6.2. The class, id, style, and title attributes
4.6.6.3. Event attributes
4.6.7. The &listing& Tag (Obsolete)
4.6.8. The &xmp& Tag (Obsolete)
4.6.9. The &plaintext& Tag (Obsolete)
4.7. Block Quotes
4.7.1. The &blockquote& Tag
4.7.1.1. The cite attribute
4.7.1.2. The dir and lang attributes
4.7.1.3. The class, id, style, and title attributes
4.7.1.4. Event attributes
4.7.2. The &q& Tag
4.7.2.1. The cite attribute
4.7.2.2. The dir and lang attributes
4.7.2.3. The class, id, style, and title attributes
4.7.2.4. Event attributes
4.8. Addresses
4.8.1. The &address& Tag
4.8.1.1. The dir and lang attributes
4.8.1.2. The class, id, style, and title attributes
4.8.1.3. Event attributes
4.9. Special Character Encoding
4.9.1. Special Characters
4.9.2. Inserting Special Characters
4.10. HTML's Obsolete Expanded Font Handling
4.10.1. The Extended Font Size Model
4.10.2. The &basefont& Tag (Deprecated)
4.10.3. The &font& Tag (Deprecated)
4.10.3.1. The size attribute
4.10.3.2. The color attribute
4.10.3.3. The face attribute
4.10.3.4. The dir and lang attributes
4.10.3.5. The class, id, style, and title attributes
5. Rules, Images, and Multimedia
5.1. Horizontal Rules
5.1.1. The &hr& Tag
5.1.1.1. The size attribute
5.1.1.2. The noshade attribute
5.1.1.3. The width attribute
5.1.1.4. The align attribute
5.1.1.5. The color attribute
5.1.1.6. Combining rule attributes
5.1.1.7. The class, dir, event, id, lang, style, and title attributes
5.1.2. Using Rules to Divide Your Document
5.1.3. Using Rules in Headers and Footers
5.2. Inserting Images in Your Documents
5.2.1. Understanding Image Formats
5.2.1.1. GIF
5.2.1.2. Interlacing, transparency, and animation
5.2.1.3. JPEG
5.2.1.4. PNG
5.2.2. When to Use Images
5.2.3. When to Use Text
5.2.4. Speeding Image Downloads
5.2.5. JPEG, PNG, or GIF?
5.2.6. The &img& Tag
5.2.6.1. The src attribute
5.2.6.2. The lowsrc attribute
5.2.6.3. The alt and longdesc attributes
5.2.6.4. The align attribute
5.2.6.5. Wrapping text around images
5.2.6.6. Centering an image
5.2.6.7. Align and &center& are deprecated
5.2.6.8. The border attribute
5.2.6.9. Removing the image border
5.2.6.10. The height and width attributes
5.2.6.11. Resizing and flood-filling images
5.2.6.12. Problems with height and width
5.2.6.13. The hspace and vspace attributes
5.2.6.14. The ismap and usemap attributes
5.2.6.15. The class, dir, event, id, lang, style, and title attributes
5.2.6.16. The name, onAbort, onError, onLoad, and other event attributes
5.2.6.17. Combining &img& attributes
5.2.7. Video Extensions
5.2.7.1. The dynsrc attribute
5.2.7.2. The controls attribute
5.2.7.3. The loop attribute
5.2.7.4. The start attribute
5.2.7.5. Combining movie &img& attributes
5.3. Document Colors and Background Images
5.3.1. Additions and Extensions to the &body& Tag
5.3.1.1. The bgcolor attribute
5.3.1.2. The background attribute
5.3.1.3. The bgproperties attribute
5.3.1.4. The text attribute
5.3.1.5. The link, vlink, and alink attributes
5.3.1.6. The leftmargin attribute
5.3.1.7. The topmargin attribute
5.3.1.8. The style and class attributes
5.3.1.9. Mixing and matching body attributes
5.3.2. Extending a Warning
5.3.2.1. Problems with background images
5.3.2.2. Problems with background, text, and link colors
5.3.2.3. And then again
5.4. Background Audio
5.4.1. The &bgsound& Tag
5.4.1.1. The src attribute
5.4.1.2. The loop attribute
5.4.2. Alternative Audio Support
5.5. Animated Text
5.5.1. The &marquee& Tag
5.5.1.1. The align attribute
5.5.1.2. The behavior, direction, and loop attributes
5.5.1.3. The bgcolor attribute
5.5.1.4. The height and width attributes
5.5.1.5. The hspace and vspace attributes
5.5.1.6. The scrollamount and scrolldelay attributes
5.6. Other Multimedia Content
5.6.1. Embedded Versus Referenced Content
5.6.2. Referencing Audio, Video, and Images
5.6.3. Appropriate Linking Styles
5.6.4. Embedding Other Document Types
6. Links and Webs
6.1. Hypertext Basics
6.2. Referencing Documents: The URL
6.2.1. Writing a URL
6.2.1.1. Handling reserved and unsafe characters
6.2.2. Absolute and Relative URLs
6.2.2.1. Relative schemes and servers
6.2.2.2. Relative document directories
6.2.2.3. Using relative URLs
6.2.3. The http URL
6.2.3.1. The http server
6.2.3.2. The http port
6.2.3.3. The http path
6.2.3.4. The http document fragment
6.2.3.5. The http search parameter
6.2.3.6. Sample http URLs
6.2.4. The file URL
6.2.4.1. The file server
6.2.4.2. The file path
6.2.4.3. Sample file URLs
6.2.5. The mailto URL
6.2.5.1. Defining mail header fields
6.2.6. The ftp URL
6.2.6.1. The ftp user and password
6.2.6.2. The ftp server and port
6.2.6.3. The ftp path and typecode
6.2.6.4. Sample ftp URLs
6.2.7. The javascript URL
6.2.7.1. The javascript URL arguments
6.2.8. The news URL
6.2.8.1. Accessing entire newsgroups
6.2.8.2. Accessing single messages
6.2.9. The nntp URL
6.2.9.1. The nntp server and port
6.2.9.2. The nntp newsgroup and article
6.2.9.3. Sample nntp URLs
6.2.10. The telnet URL
6.2.10.1. The Telnet user and password
6.2.10.2. The Telnet server and port
6.2.11. The gopher URL
6.2.11.1. The gopher server and port
6.2.11.2. The gopher path
6.3. Creating Hyperlinks
6.3.1. The &a& Tag
6.3.1.1. Allowed content
6.3.1.2. The href attribute
6.3.1.3. The name and id attributes
6.3.1.4. The event attributes
6.3.1.5. The rel and rev attributes
6.3.1.6. The style and class attributes
6.3.1.7. The lang and dir attributes
6.3.1.8. The target attribute
6.3.1.9. The title attribute
6.3.1.10. The charset, hreflang, and type attributes
6.3.1.11. The coords and shape attributes
6.3.1.12. The accesskey and tabindex attributes
6.3.2. Linking to Other Documents
6.3.3. Linking Within a Document
6.4. Creating Effective Links
6.4.1. Lists of Links
6.4.2. Inline References
6.4.3. Linking Dos and Don'ts
6.4.4. Using Images and Links
6.5. Mouse-Sensitive Images
6.5.1. Server-Side Image Maps
6.5.1.1. Server-side considerations
6.5.2. Client-Side Image Maps
6.5.3. The ↦& Tag
6.5.3.1. The name attribute
6.5.3.2. The class, id, style, and title attributes
6.5.3.3. The event attributes
6.5.4. The &area& Tag
6.5.4.1. The alt attribute
6.5.4.2. The coords attribute
6.5.4.3. The href attribute
6.5.4.4. The nohref attribute
6.5.4.5. The notab, taborder, and tabindex attributes
6.5.4.6. The event attributes
6.5.4.7. The shape attribute
6.5.4.8. The target attribute
6.5.4.9. The title attribute
6.5.4.10. The class, dir, id, lang, and style attributes
6.5.5. A Client-Side Image-Map Example
6.5.6. Handling Other Browsers
6.5.7. Effective Use of Mouse-Sensitive Images
6.6. Creating Searchable Documents
6.6.1. The &isindex& Tag (Deprecated)
6.6.1.1. The prompt attribute
6.6.1.2. The query URL
6.6.1.3. The action attribute
6.6.1.4. The class, dir, id, lang, style, and title attributes
6.6.1.5. Server dependencies
6.7. Relationships
6.7.1. The &base& Header Element
6.7.1.1. The href attribute
6.7.1.2. The target attribute
6.7.1.3. Using &base&
6.7.2. The &link& Header Element
6.7.2.1. The href attribute
6.7.2.2. The rel and rev attributes
6.7.2.3. The title attribute
6.7.2.4. The type attribute
6.7.2.5. How browsers might use &link&
6.7.2.6. Other &link& attributes
6.8. Supporting Document Automation
6.8.1. The &meta& Header Element
6.8.1.1. The name attribute
6.8.1.2. The content attribute
6.8.1.3. The http-equiv attribute
6.8.1.4. The charset attribute
6.8.1.5. The scheme attribute
6.8.2. The &nextid& Header Element (Archaic)
6.8.2.1. The n attribute
7. Formatted Lists
7.1. Unordered Lists
7.1.1. The &ul& Tag
7.1.1.1. The type attribute
7.1.1.2. Compact unordered lists
7.1.1.3. The style and class attributes
7.1.1.4. The lang and dir attributes
7.1.1.5. The id and title attributes
7.1.1.6. The event attributes
7.2. Ordered Lists
7.2.1. The &ol& Tag
7.2.1.1. The start attribute
7.2.1.2. The type attribute
7.2.1.3. Compact ordered lists
7.2.1.4. The class, dir, id, lang, event, style, and title attributes
7.3. The &li& Tag
7.3.1. Changing the Style and Sequence of Individual List Items
7.3.1.1. The type attribute
7.3.1.2. The value attribute
7.3.1.3. The style and class attributes
7.3.1.4. The class, dir, id, lang, event, style, and title attributes
7.4. Nesting Lists
7.4.1. Nested Unordered Lists
7.4.2. Nested Ordered Lists
7.5. Definition Lists
7.5.1. The &dl& Tag
7.5.1.1. More compact definition lists
7.5.1.2. The class, dir, id, lang, style, title, and event attributes
7.5.2. The &dt& Tag
7.5.2.1. Formatting text with &dt&
7.5.2.2. The class, dir, id, lang, style, title, and event attributes
7.5.3. The ⅆ& Tag
7.5.3.1. The class, dir, id, lang, style, title, and event attributes
7.6. Appropriate List Usage
7.7. Directory Lists
7.7.1. The &dir& Tag (Deprecated)
7.7.1.1. The &dir& attributes
7.8. Menu Lists
7.8.1. The &menu& Tag (Deprecated)
8. Cascading Style Sheets
8.1. The Elements of Styles
8.1.1. Inline Styles: The style Attribute
8.1.2. Document-Level Stylesheets
8.1.2.1. The type attribute
8.1.2.2. The media attribute
8.1.2.3. The dir, lang, and title attributes
8.1.3. Style-Free Browsers
8.1.4. External Stylesheets
8.1.4.1. Linked external stylesheets
8.1.4.2. Imported external stylesheets
8.1.5. Media-Specific Styles
8.1.6. Linked Versus Imported Stylesheets
8.1.7. Limitations of Current Browsers
8.1.8. Style Comments
8.1.9. Style Precedence
8.2. Style Syntax
8.2.1. The Basics
8.2.2. Multiple Selectors
8.2.3. Contextual Selectors
8.2.4. Universal, Child, and Adjacent Selectors
8.2.5. Attribute Selectors
8.2.6. Pseudoelements
8.3. Style Classes
8.3.1. Regular Classes
8.3.2. Generic Classes
8.3.3. ID Classes
8.3.4. Pseudoclasses
8.3.4.1. Hyperlink pseudoclasses
8.3.4.2. Interaction pseudoclasses
8.3.4.3. Nesting and language pseudoclasses
8.3.4.4. Browser support of pseudoclasses
8.3.5. Mixing Classes
8.3.6. Class Inheritance
8.4. Style Properties
8.4.1. Property Values
8.4.1.1. Keyword property values
8.4.1.2. Length property values
8.4.1.3. Percentage property values
8.4.1.4. URL property values
8.4.1.5. Color property values
8.4.1.6. Angle, time, and frequency property values
8.4.2. Property Inheritance
8.4.3. Font Properties
8.4.3.1. The font-family property
8.4.3.2. The font-size property
8.4.3.3. The font-stretch property
8.4.3.4. The font-size-adjust property
8.4.3.5. The font-style property
8.4.3.6. The font-variant property
8.4.3.7. The font-weight property
8.4.3.8. The font property
8.4.4. Font Selection and Synthesis
8.4.4.1. CSS2 font-matching steps
8.4.4.2. Basic font descriptors
8.4.4.3. The src descriptor
8.4.4.4. Advanced font descriptors
8.4.5. Color and Background Properties
8.4.5.1. The background-color property
8.4.5.2. The background-image property
8.4.5.3. The background-attachment property
8.4.5.4. The background-position property
8.4.5.5. The background-repeat property
8.4.5.6. The background property
8.4.5.7. The color property
8.4.6. Text Properties
8.4.6.1. The letter-spacing property
8.4.6.2. The line-height property
8.4.6.3. The text-align property
8.4.6.4. The text-decoration property
8.4.6.5. The text-indent property
8.4.6.6. The text-shadow property
8.4.6.7. The text-transform property
8.4.6.8. The vertical-align property
8.4.6.9. The word-spacing property
8.4.7. Box Properties
8.4.7.1. The CSS2 formatting model
8.4.7.2. The border properties
8.4.7.3. The border-color property
8.4.7.4. The border-width property
8.4.7.5. The border-style property
8.4.7.6. Borders in shorthand
8.4.7.7. The clear property
8.4.7.8. The clip property
8.4.7.9. The float property
8.4.7.10. The height property
8.4.7.11. The margin properties
8.4.7.12. The padding properties
8.4.7.13. The overflow property
8.4.7.14. The position properties
8.4.7.15. The visibility property
8.4.7.16. The width property
8.4.7.17. The z-index property
8.4.8. List Properties
8.4.8.1. The list-style-image property
8.4.8.2. The list-style-position property
8.4.8.3. The list-style-type property
8.4.8.4. The list-style property
8.4.8.5. Using list properties effectively
8.4.9. Table Properties
8.4.9.1. The border-collapse, border-spacing, and empty-cells properties
8.4.9.2. The caption-side property
8.4.9.3. The speak-header property
8.4.9.4. The table-layout property
8.4.10. Classification Properties
8.4.10.1. The display property
8.4.10.2. The white-space property
8.4.11. Generated Content Properties
8.4.11.1. The :before and :after pseudoelements
8.4.11.2. The content property
8.4.11.3. Specifying quotation marks
8.4.11.4. Creating counters
8.4.11.5. Using counters in your documents
8.4.11.6. Creating markers
8.4.12. Audio Properties
8.4.12.1. The volume property
8.4.12.2. Speaking properties
8.4.12.3. Voice characteristics
8.4.12.4. Pause properties
8.4.12.5. Cue properties
8.4.12.6. Audio mixing
8.4.12.7. Spatial positioning
8.4.13. Paged Media
8.4.13.1. Defining pages
8.4.13.2. Left, right, and first pages
8.4.13.3. Using named pages
8.4.13.4. Controlling pagination
8.4.13.5. Controlling widows and orphans
8.5. Tagless Styles: The &span& Tag
8.6. Applying Styles to Documents
8.6.1. To Style or Not to Style
8.6.2. Which Type of Stylesheet, and When
8.6.2.1. The pros and cons of external styles
8.6.2.2. The pros and cons of document-level styles
8.6.2.3. The pros and cons of inline styles
9. Forms
9.1. Form Fundamentals
9.2. The &form& Tag
9.2.1. The action Attribute
9.2.2. The enctype Attribute
9.2.2.1. The application/x-www-form-urlencoded encoding
9.2.2.2. The multipart/form-data encoding
9.2.2.3. The text/plain encoding
9.2.3. The accept-charset Attribute
9.2.4. The method Attribute
9.2.4.1. POST or GET?
9.2.4.2. Passing parameters explicitly
9.2.5. The target Attribute
9.2.6. The id, name, and title Attributes
9.2.7. The class, style, lang, and dir Attributes
9.2.8. The Event Attributes
9.3. A Simple Form Example
9.4. Using Email to Collect Form Data
9.4.1. Problems with Email Forms
9.5. The &input& Tag
9.5.1. Text Fields in Forms
9.5.1.1. Conventional text fields
9.5.1.2. Masked text controls
9.5.1.3. File-selection controls
9.5.2. Checkboxes
9.5.3. Radio Buttons
9.5.4. Action Buttons
9.5.4.1. Submission buttons
9.5.4.2. Reset buttons
9.5.4.3. Custom image buttons
9.5.4.4. Push buttons
9.5.4.5. Multiple buttons in a single form
9.5.5. Hidden Fields
9.6. The &button& Tag
9.6.1. The &button& Button
9.6.2. The type Attribute
9.7. Multiline Text Areas
9.7.1. The &textarea& Tag
9.7.1.1. The rows and cols attributes
9.7.1.2. The wrap attribute
9.8. Multiple-Choice Elements
9.8.1. The &select& Tag
9.8.1.1. The multiple attribute
9.8.1.2. The size attribute
9.8.2. The &option& Tag
9.8.2.1. The value attribute
9.8.2.2. The selected attribute
9.8.2.3. The label attribute
9.8.3. The &optgroup& Tag
9.8.3.1. The label attribute
9.9. General Form-Control Attributes
9.9.1. The id and title Attributes
9.9.2. The event Attributes
9.9.3. The style, class, lang, and dir Attributes
9.9.4. The tabindex, taborder , and notab Attributes
9.9.5. The accesskey Attribute
9.9.6. The disabled and readonly Attributes
9.10. Labeling and Grouping Form Elements
9.10.1. The &label& Tag
9.10.1.1. Implicit and explicit associations
9.10.1.2. Other label attributes
9.10.2. Forming a Group
9.10.2.1. The &fieldset& tag
9.10.2.2. The &legend& tag
9.11. Creating Effective Forms
9.11.1. Browser Constraints
9.11.2. Handling Limited Displays
9.11.3. User-Interface Considerations
9.11.4. Creating Forms That Flow
9.11.5. Good Form, Old Chap
9.12. Forms Programming
9.12.1. Returning Results
9.12.2. Handling GET Forms
9.12.2.1. Using named parameters with GET applications
9.12.2.2. Using unnamed parameters with GET applications
9.12.3. Handling POST Forms
10. Tables
10.1. The Standard Table Model
10.1.1. Table Contents
10.1.2. An Example Table
10.1.3. Missing Features
10.2. Basic Table Tags
10.2.1. The &table& Tag
10.2.1.1. The align attribute (deprecated)
10.2.1.2. The bgcolor and background attributes
10.2.1.3. The border attribute
10.2.1.4. The frame and rules attributes
10.2.1.5. The bordercolor, bordercolorlight, and bordercolordark attributes
10.2.1.6. The cellspacing attribute
10.2.1.7. The cellpadding attribute
10.2.1.8. Combining the border, cellspacing, and cellpadding attributes
10.2.1.9. The cols attribute
10.2.1.10. The valign and nowrap attributes
10.2.1.11. The width and height attributes
10.2.1.12. The summary attribute
10.2.1.13. The hspace and vspace attributes
10.2.2. Common Table Attributes
10.2.2.1. The id and title attributes
10.2.2.2. The dir and lang attributes
10.2.2.3. The class and style attributes
10.2.2.4. The event attributes
10.2.3. The &tr& Tag
10.2.3.1. The align and valign attributes
10.2.3.2. The char and charoff attributes
10.2.3.3. The bgcolor and background attributes
10.2.3.4. The bordercolor, bordercolorlight, and bordercolordark attributes
10.2.3.5. The nowrap attribute
10.2.4. The &th& and &td& Tags
10.2.4.1. The align and valign attributes
10.2.4.2. The width attribute
10.2.4.3. The height attribute
10.2.4.4. The colspan attribute
10.2.4.5. The rowspan attribute
10.2.4.6. Combining the colspan and rowspan attributes
10.2.4.7. The nowrap attribute
10.2.4.8. The bgcolor and background attributes
10.2.4.9. The bordercolor, bordercolorlight, and bordercolordark attributes
10.2.4.10. The char and charoff attributes
10.2.4.11. The headers and scope attributes
10.2.4.12. The abbr attribute
10.2.4.13. The axis attribute
10.2.5. The &caption& Tag
10.2.5.1. The align and valign attributes
10.2.5.2. The many other attributes
10.3. Advanced Table Tags
10.3.1. Defining Table Sections
10.3.2. The &thead& Tag
10.3.3. The &tfoot& Tag
10.3.4. The &tbody& Tag
10.3.5. Using Table Sections
10.3.6. Defining Column Groups
10.3.7. The &colgroup& Tag
10.3.7.1. The span attribute
10.3.7.2. When to span and col
10.3.7.3. The other &colgroup& attributes
10.3.8. The &col& tag
10.3.8.1. The span attribute
10.3.8.2. The other &col& attributes
10.3.9. Using Column Groups
10.4. Beyond Ordinary Tables
11. Frames
11.1. An Overview of Frames
11.2. Frame Tags
11.2.1. What's in a Frame?
11.3. Frame Layout
11.3.1. The &frameset& Tag
11.3.1.1. The rows and cols attributes
11.3.1.2. The border, frameborder, framespacing, and bordercolor attributes
11.3.1.3. Frames and JavaScript
11.3.1.4. Other &frameset& attributes
11.3.2. Nesting &frameset& Tags
11.4. Frame Contents
11.4.1. The &frame& Tag
11.4.1.1. The src attribute
11.4.1.2. The name and id attributes
11.4.1.3. The noresize attribute
11.4.1.4. The scrolling attribute
11.4.1.5. The marginheight and marginwidth attributes
11.4.1.6. The frameborder and bordercolor attributes
11.4.1.7. The title and longdesc attributes
11.5. The &noframes& Tag
11.5.1. &noframes& Attributes
11.6. Inline Frames
11.6.1. The &iframe& Tag
11.6.1.1. The align attribute
11.6.1.2. The height and width attributes
11.6.2. Using Inline Frames
11.7. Named Frame or Window Targets
11.7.1. The target Attribute for the &a& Tag
11.7.2. Special Targets
11.7.3. The &base& Default Target
11.7.4. Traditional Link Behavior
11.8. XFrames
11.8.1. An XFrames Document
11.8.2. XFrames URLs
12. Executable Content
12.1. Applets and Objects
12.1.1. The Object Model
12.1.1.1. The applet model
12.1.1.2. The applet advantage
12.1.1.3. Using applets correctly
12.1.1.4. Writing applets
12.2. Embedded Content
12.2.1. The &object& Tag
12.2.1.1. The classid attribute
12.2.1.2. The codebase attribute
12.2.1.3. The archive attribute
12.2.1.4. The codetype attribute
12.2.1.5. The data attribute
12.2.1.6. The type attribute
12.2.1.7. The align, class, border, height, hspace, style, vspace, and width attributes
12.2.1.8. The declare attribute
12.2.1.9. The id, name, and title attributes
12.2.1.10. The shapes and usemap attributes
12.2.1.11. The standby attribute
12.2.1.12. The tabindex and notab attributes
12.2.1.13. The dir and lang attributes
12.2.1.14. Object event handling
12.2.1.15. Supporting incompatible browsers
12.2.2. The &param& Tag
12.2.2.1. The id, name, and value attributes
12.2.2.2. The type and valuetype attributes
12.2.3. The &applet& Tag (Deprecated)
12.2.3.1. Applet rendering
12.2.3.2. The align attribute
12.2.3.3. The alt attribute
12.2.3.4. The archive attribute
12.2.3.5. The code and codebase attributes
12.2.3.6. The name attribute
12.2.3.7. The height, hspace, vspace, and width attributes
12.2.3.8. The mayscript attribute
12.2.3.9. The title attribute
12.2.3.10. The object attribute
12.2.4. The &embed& Tag (Extension)
12.2.4.1. The align, border, height, hspace, vspace, and width attributes
12.2.4.2. The hidden attribute
12.2.4.3. The name attribute
12.2.4.4. The palette attribute
12.2.4.5. The pluginspage attribute
12.2.4.6. The src attribute
12.2.4.7. The type attribute
12.2.4.8. The units attribute
12.2.5. The &noembed& Tag (Extension)
12.3. JavaScript
12.3.1. The &script& Tag
12.3.1.1. The language and type attributes
12.3.1.2. The src and charset attributes
12.3.1.3. The defer attribute
12.3.2. The &noscript& Tag
12.3.3. JavaScript Event Handlers
12.3.3.1. Standard event handler attributes
12.3.3.2. The mouse-related events
12.3.3.3. The keyboard events
12.3.3.4. Document events
12.3.4. javascript URLs
12.3.5. JavaScript Entities
12.3.6. The &server& Tag
12.4. JavaScript Stylesheets (Antiquated)
12.4.1. JavaScript Stylesheet Syntax
12.4.1.1. External, document-level, and inline JSS
12.4.1.2. JSS values
12.4.1.3. Defining styles for tags
12.4.1.4. Defining style classes
12.4.1.5. Using contextual styles
12.4.2. JavaScript Stylesheet Properties
13. Dynamic Documents
13.1. An Overview of Dynamic Documents
13.1.1. Another Word of Caution
13.2. Client-Pull Documents
13.2.1. Uniquely Refreshing
13.2.2. The Refresh Header Contents
13.2.2.1. Refreshing the same document
13.2.2.2. Refreshing with a different document
13.2.2.3. Cycling between documents
13.2.3. Pulling Non-HTML Content
13.2.4. Combining Refresh with Other HTTP Header Fields
13.2.4.1. A random URL generator
13.2.5. Performance Considerations
13.3. Server-Push Documents
13.3.1. The Multipart/Mixed Media Type
13.3.2. The Multipart/X-Mixed-Replace Media Type
13.3.3. Exploiting Multipart Documents
13.3.3.1. Efficiency considerations
13.3.4. Creating a Server-Push Document
13.3.4.1. Server-push example application for NCSA and Apache httpd
14. Mobile Devices
14.1. The Mobile Web
14.1.1. Devices
14.1.1.1. Mobile phones
14.1.1.2. PDAs
14.1.1.3. Convergence devices
14.1.2. Cellular Access
14.1.2.1. Low speed
14.1.2.2. High-speed cellular access
14.1.2.3. WiFi
14.2. Device Considerations
14.2.1. Browser Constraints
14.2.2. Input Constraints
14.2.3. Network Constraints
14.2.4. Display Constraints
14.3. XHTML Basic
14.3.1. Supported Tags
14.3.1.1. Basic content
14.3.1.2. Images, objects, and scripting
14.3.1.3. Lists
14.3.1.4. Forms
14.3.1.5. Tables
14.3.1.6. Document header
14.3.2. Design Versus Intent
14.4. Effective Mobile Web Design
14.4.1. Understand Your User
14.4.2. Links and Navigation
14.4.3. Forms
14.4.4. Layout and Presentation
14.4.4.1. Stylesheets
14.4.4.2. Text fonts
14.4.4.3. Margins and spacing
14.4.5. Images
14.4.6. General Advice
15. XML
15.1. Languages and Metalanguages
15.1.1. Creation Versus Display
15.1.2. A Little History
15.2. Documents and DTDs
15.3. Understanding XML DTDs
15.3.1. Comments
15.3.2. Entities
15.3.3. Entity Declarations
15.3.4. Elements
15.4. Element Grammar
15.4.1. Sequence, Choice, Grouping, and Repetition
15.4.2. Multiple Grammar Rules
15.4.3. XML Element Grammar
15.4.4. Mixed Element Content
15.4.5. Empty Elements
15.5. Element Attributes
15.5.1. Attribute Values
15.5.2. Required and Default Attributes
15.6. Conditional Sections
15.7. Building an XML DTD
15.7.1. An XML Address DTD
15.7.2. Using the Address DTD
15.8. Using XML
15.8.1. Creating Your Own Markup Language
15.8.2. Document Exchange
15.8.3. Connecting Systems
15.8.4. Standardizing HTML
16. XHTML
16.1. Why XHTML?
16.1.1. XHTML Document Type Definitions
16.2. Creating XHTML Documents
16.2.1. Declaring Document Types
16.2.2. Understanding Namespaces
16.2.3. A Minimal XHTML Document
16.3. HTML Versus XHTML
16.3.1. Correctly Nested Elements
16.3.2. End Tags
16.3.3. Handling Empty Elements
16.3.4. Case Sensitivity
16.3.5. Quoted Attribute Values
16.3.6. Explicit Attribute Values
16.3.7. Handling Special Characters
16.3.8. The id and name Attributes
16.4. XHTML 1.1
16.4.1. Differences in XHTML 1.1
16.5. Should You Use XHTML?
16.5.1. The Dusty Deck Problem
16.5.2. Automatic Conversion
16.5.3. Lenient Browsers and Lazy Authors
16.5.4. Time, Money, and Standards
16.5.5. Man Versus Machine
16.5.6. What to Do?
17. Tips, Tricks, and Hacks
17.1. Top of the Tips
17.1.1. Design for Your Audience
17.1.2. Consistent Documents
17.2. Cleaning Up After Your HTML Editor
17.2.1. Where Did My Document Go?
17.2.2. When and Why to Edit the Editor
17.2.3. Use the Best
17.3. Tricks with Tables
17.3.1. Multicolumn Pages
17.3.1.1. Basic multicolumn layout
17.3.1.2. Straddle heads
17.3.2. Side Heads
17.3.3. Better Forms Layout
17.3.3.1. Basic forms layout
17.3.3.2. Building forms with nested tables
17.4. Tricks with Windows and Frames
17.4.1. Targeting Windows
17.4.2. Overriding Others' Targets
17.4.3. Multiple Frames in One Link
A. HTML Grammar
A.1. Grammatical Conventions
A.1.1. Typographic and Naming Conventions
A.1.2. Punctuation Conventions
A.1.2.1. Alternation
A.1.2.2. Repetition
A.1.2.3. Optional elements
A.1.3. More Details
A.1.4. Predefined Nonterminals
A.2. The Grammar
B. HTML/XHTML Tag Quick Reference
B.1. Core Attributes
B.2. HTML Quick Reference
C. Cascading Style Sheet Properties Quick Reference
D. The HTML 4.01 DTD
E. The XHTML 1.0 DTD
F. Character Entities
G. Color Names and Values
G.1. Color Values
G.2. Color Names
G.3. The Standard Color Map
H. Netscape Layout Extensions
H.1. Creating Whitespace
H.1.1. The &spacer& Tag (Antiquated)
H.1.1.1. Creating horizontal space
H.1.1.2. Creating vertical space
H.1.1.3. Creating blocks of space
H.1.2. Mimicking the &spacer& Tag
H.2. Multicolumn Layout
H.2.1. The &multicol& Tag (Antiquated)
H.2.1.1. The cols attribute
H.2.1.2. The gutter attribute
H.2.1.3. The width attribute
H.2.1.4. The style and class attributes
H.2.2. Multiple Columns and Other Browsers
H.2.3. Effective Multicolumn Layouts
H.3. Layers
H.3.1. The &layer& Tag (Antiquated)
H.3.1.1. The name attribute
H.3.1.2. The left and top attributes
H.3.1.3. The above, below, and z-index attributes
H.3.1.4. The background and bgcolor attributes
H.3.1.5. The visibility attribute
H.3.1.6. The width attribute
H.3.1.7. The src attribute
H.3.1.8. The clip attribute
H.3.1.9. The style and class attributes
H.3.2. The &ilayer& Tag (Antiquated)
H.3.2.1. The top and left attributes
H.3.2.2. Combining &layer& and &ilayer&
Index
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