Natural Gas in the Internal Market

Name: Natural Gas in the Internal Market | A Review of Energy Policy
Brand: Kluwer Law International
Price: 399.99 EUR
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A Review of Energy Policy

Ernst J. Mestmäcker(Herausgeber*in)

Kluwer Law International (Verlag)

Erschienen am 1. Januar 2001

288 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Half Title Page
Editorial Board
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Foreword
List of Contributors
Chapter 1 Energy Policy for Natural Gas in the Internal Market - An Overview
1. COMMUNITY ACTIONS AND PROPOSALS
2. THE MAASTRICHT TREATY
3. IMPERFECT COMPETITION AND IMPERFECT REGULATION
4. STATUS OF GAS UNDERTAKINGS IN MEMBER STATES
5. MARKETS AND HIERARCHIES
6. INTER-FUEL COMPETITION
7. SECURITY OF SUPPLY
Chapter 2 Aims and Means of European Energy Policy in the light of the Completion of the Internal Market
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE INTERNAL ENERGY MARKET
3. QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE INTERNAL ELECTRICITY AND GAS MARKETS
3.1 Natural monopoly and exclusive and/or special rights
3.2 Commission v Council directives
3.3 Relating the two issues
3.4 Some key questions
4. OPEN ACCESS FOR NATURAL GAS
4.1 The issues raised by the Consultative Committees
4.2 Analysis
4.3 Key uncertainties
5. OPEN ACCESS FOR ELECTRICITY
5.1 The issues raised by the Consultative Committees
5.2 Analysis
5.3 Some key uncertainties
6. SUMMING UP
7. THE OTHER ENERGY OBJECTIVES: SECURITY OF SUPPLY
7.1 Enforcing security of supply in the internal market
7.2 Conclusion
8. THE OTHER ENERGY OBJECTIVES: THE ENVIRONMENT
8.1 The internal energy market and the environmental objectives
8.2 The means
8.3 Conclusion
9. CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 3 The Development of European Energy Policy: From the ECSC Treaty to the Internal Market
1. SUBJECTS OF ENERGY POLICY
2. LEGAL FUNDAMENTALS FOR A COMMUNITY ENERGY POLICY
2.1 Coal
2.2 Nuclear energy
2.3 Hydrocarbon and other energy sources
3. BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR AN EC ENERGY POLICY
4. THE ENERGY POLICY OF THE COMMUNITY UNTIL TODAY
4.1 The energy policy before the oil crisis of 1973-1974
4.2 Energy policy during the second phase
5. ACTMTIES OF THE COMMUNITY
6. SECTORAL (SUPPLY) POLICIES
6.1 Coal
6.2 Hydrocarbon (mineral oil and natural gas)
6.3 Nuclear energy
6.4 Electricity
6.5 New energy sources
7. RECENT STRATEGIES
8. EUROPEAN ENERGY POLICY: DEMANDS AND REALITY
Chapter 4 Could the Energy Mix be Optimised through Competition or Regulation?
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE BASIC ECONOMIC DECISION
3. THE COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR
3.1 Workability of competition in the markets for different sources of energy
3.2 The relevance of substitution competition
4. EXTERNALITIES AS DETERMINANTS FOR THE OVERALL ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AN ENERGY MIX
4.1 The problem of internalising energy production externalities
4.2 Economic consequences of the globality of climate changes and nuclear risks
5. CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 5 The Structure and Regulation of the French Gas Industry
1. THE STRUCTURE OF THE FRENCH GAS INDUSTRY
1.1 Global structure
1.2 Market segmentation
1.3 The dynamic of competition
2. REGULATION OF THE FRENCH GAS INDUSTRY
2.1 The organisation of state control and regulation
2.2 Principles of tariffication
2.3 The "contrat d'objectir'
3. CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 6 The Structure and Regulation of the British Gas Industry
1. BACKGROUND
2. STRUCTURE
2.1 Tariff market
2.2 Industrial contract market
2.3 Transmission
2.4 Gas purchasing
2.5 Old contracts
3. REGULATION: THE FRAMEWORK
4. REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS, MAY 1989-OCTOBER 1991
4.1 Published price schedules
5. THIRD PARTY ACCESS
6. THE "90/10%" RULE AND CONTRACT SWAPS
7. DOUBLE CAPPING THE TARIFF MARKET
8. EFFECTS SO FAR
9. THE DYNAMICS OF REGULATION
9.1 Competition
9.2 Hiving off transmission and storage
9.3 Tariff market changes
9.4 Prior approval of BG's price changes
10. CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY ISSUES
Chapter 7 The Structure and Regulation of the German Gas Industry
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE GAS INDUSTRY AND THE ENERGY SECTOR
3. SUPPLY AND DEMAND
4. MARKET ORGANISATION
5. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK
6. PRICES AND COSTS
7. CONCLUDING REMARKS
APPENDIX EFFECTS OF THE EC COMMISSION PROPOSALS ON THE WEST GERMAN GAS INDUSTRY
Chapter 8 Experiences with Natural Gas Regulation and Competition in the US Federal System: Lessons for Europe
1. PRE-1984 US EXPERIENCE
2. POST-1984 US EXPERIENCE
3. TRANSITION COSTS
4. RELUCTANCE TO ENTER INTO LONG-TERM CONTRACTS
5. SCHIZOPHRENIC ATTITUDE TOWARD REGULATION OF PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION
6. TENSION BETWEEN THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF UNBUNDLING GAS SERVICE
7. LESSONS FOR EUROPE
Chapter 9 Models of the Organisation and Accompanying Regulation of Gas Markets in Europe
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE MERCHANT PIPELINE
3. ENTRY BY RIVAL MERCHANT PIPELINES
4. THIRD PARTY ACCESS
4.1 Open access to an unconstrained versus constrained network
4.2 Restrictions implied in firm access rights
4.3 Unbundling trade from transmission
4.4 Regulatory tasks
5. BENCHMARK MODELS: GENERALISED AUCTION AND POOL
5.1 A generalised auction model
5.2 A pool system
6. A HUB SYSTEM
7. THE SITUATION IN EUROPE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 10 European Energy Policy in Community Law
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE LEGAL INTEGRATION OF ENERGY MARKETS
2.1 The applicability of the Treaty to energy issues
2.2 Energy and the free movement of goods
2.3 Energy and the freedom of services and establishment
2.4 Energy and the rules of competition
3. SUMMARY
Comment on the Paper by Professor Schwarze
Chapter 11 The Prospects for Third Party Access in European Gas Markets
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DEFINITION AND TERMINOLOGY: COMMON CARRIAGE AND THIRD PARTY ACCESS
2.1 Common carriage
2.2 Third party access
2.3 Open access
3. THE EC COMMISSION INITIATIVES AND THE RESPONSE OF THE INDUSTRY AND MEMBER STATES
3.1 The Commission initiatives
3.2 The response of the industry and the Member States
4. THE APPLICABILITY OF EXISTING MODELS OF TPA
5. THE MARKET CONTEXT - "WINNERS" AND "LOSERS" IN A TPA SYSTEM
5.1 Cost/benefit analysis
6. THE FUTURE OF TPA IN EUROPE
Comment on Jonathan Stern's Chapter
Chapter 12 Compulsory Open Access in the Gas Industry - The Special Case of the Mediterranean Countries
Comment on Roberto Centeno Gonzalez' Chapter
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 13 Organisation of Supply Markets for Natural Gas in Europe
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE EUROPEAN NATURAL GAS MARKET
2.1 Some basic characteristics
2.2 Production, consumption and trade
2.3 Transmission and distribution
3. ORGANISING A EUROPEAN NATURAL GAS MARKET
3.1 Organising for market participation and competition
3.2 Organisation of gas markets
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS
Comment on Einar Hope's Chapter with a Critical Review of Legal and Policy Arguments Driving the Discussion on Third Party Access
1. THE DISCUSSION ON THIRD PARTY ACCESS/COMMON CARRIAGE IN THE EC
2. REGULATORY REGIMES AS VITAL CONSTITUENTS OF COMPETITION BETWEEN NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ECONOMIES
3. DOES SECURITY OF SUPPLY REQUIRE CLOSED GAS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS?
4. THIRD PARTY ACCESS AND LONG-TERM GAS SUPPLY CONTRACTS
5. GAS LIBERALISATION UNDER EC LAW
6. CONCLUSION: REASONABLE STEPS TOWARDS GAS LIBERALISATION BASED ON COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Chapter 14 Regional and Local Distribution Systems for Natural Gas
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE REGIONAL AND LOCAL GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
3. THE COMPETITIVE SITUATION OF NATURAL GAS AT THE LEVEL OF THE FINAL CONSUMERS
3.1 Consumer groups
3.2 Competition in the gas market
3.3 Substitutive competition
4. STRENGTHENING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF REGIONAL AND LOCAL GAS SUPPLIERS
4.1 Effects of the EC energy policy
4.2 The effects of national measures
5. CONCLUDING COMMENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comment on Hans-Jürgen Ewers' and Friedrich von Stackelberg's Chapter
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HIGHLIGHTING POINTS FROM THE PAPER
3. CONCLUDING REMARKS
Index
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