Targum and New Testament

Name: Targum and New Testament | Collected Essays
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Collected Essays

Martin McNamara(Autor*in)

Mohr Siebeck (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen im November 2011

XIV, 615 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Preface
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
Introduction: Fifty-Five Years of Targum Study
1. Professor Alejandro Díez Macho (1916-1984)
2. Postgraduate Studies
3. The English Translation of Targum Neofiti and the Book Targum and Testament
4. The Michael Glazier Aramaic Bible Project
5. Aramaic Bible Project Crisis Years 1988-1990
6. Irish Biblical Association Targum Seminar
7. Developments in Targum Studies from the Later 1960s to the Mid-1980s
8. Royal Irish Academy 1992 Conference on the Aramaic Bible
9. The International Organization for Targumic Studies
10. More Recent Writing on Targum Matters (1995-2009)
11. 2010, the "Year of the Targums": The Current Situation and Future Prospects
PART ONE Targum and Research
Chapter 1: Targumic Studies
1. The New Testament and the Palestinian Targum: The Problem
2. Targumic Studies in Europe from the Beginnings to the Nineteenth Century
3. The Golden Age of Jewish Studies (ca. 1850-1910)
4. Use of the Targums in Certain Modern Writings
5. Change of Approach to Jewish Studies (1930-1950)
6. The Present State of Targumic Studies
7. Postscript 2010
Chapter 2: Half a Century of Targum Study
1. The Situation in 1930
2. A New Approach 1930-1950
3. Contemporary Targum Studies 1950-1979
4. Criticism of Criticisms
5. Postscript 2010
Chapter 3: The Aramaic Translations: A Newly Recognised Aid for New Testament Study
1. The Targums in Jewish Life
2. The Date of the Palestinian Targum of the Pentateuch
3. Recent and Forthcoming Publications of Targums
4. A New Critical Edition of the Targum
5. A Critical Edition of the Targum to the Pentateuch
6. Postscript 2010
Chapter 4: Some Recent Writings (pre-1980) on Rabbinic Literature and the Targums
1. From the Beginnings until the 1950s: General Studies
2. Thematic Approach: Rabbinic Literature and St Paul (1880-1980)
3. Systematic Presentations of Rabbinic Doctrines
4. Midrash and the Study of the New Testament: 1940-1980
5. Postexilic Biblical Interpretation
6. Rabbinic Tradition in Recent Study (to 1980): Select Questions
6.1 General Introduction
6.2 Rabbis and Pharisees
6.3 How Representative of New Testament Period is Pharisaism/ Rabbinism?
6.4 Rabbinic Studies, Selectivity, and Polemics
7. The Question of Methodology
8. The Targums and New Testament Studies
8.1 The Beginnings
8.2 A New Approach
8.3 Targum Studies 1950-1980
8.4 Early Date and Relevance of Targums Queried
9. The Rabbis, Targums, and New Testament Studies
10. Some Relevant Studies on Issues examined
Chapter 5: The Michael Glazier-Liturgical Press Aramaic Bible Project: Some Reflections
1. Michael Glazier's Interest in the Project
2. Progress in Publishing: 1987-1988
3. Troubled Interlude 1988-1990
4. The Aramaic Bible: A Monument to Michael Glazier
5. A Collaborative Effort
6. Postscript 2010
Chapter 6: On Englishing the Targums
1. Latin Translations of the Targums
2. Vernacular Targum Translation
3. English Translations of the Targums
4. The Michael Glazier Inc. Targum Translation Project
5. Contributors in the Michael Glazier Targum Translation Project
6. Translation and Critical Editions
7. Format, Guidelines and Deadlines
8. Translation: Techniques and Problems
9. Postscript 2010
Chapter 7: Towards an English Synoptic Presentation of the Pentateuchal Targums
1. Synoptic Presentation of Targums of Genesis 14:1-24
15:1
2. Appendix 1
2.1 The Place Names and Personal Names of Gen 14:1-17
2.2 Targums Genesis 14 Topographical Names in Alphabetical Order with Masoretic Text Equivalents
3. Appendix 2
3.1 The Personal Names of Genesis 14 as Interpreted by Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
4. Postscript 2010
PART TWO Targum and Language
Chapter 8: Some Early Rabbinic Citations and the Palestinian Targum to the Pentateuch
1. The Mishnah and the Palestinian Targum
2. Dated Rabbinic Citations and the Palestinian Targum
3. Anonymous Rabbinic Citations and the Palestinian Targum
4. Conclusions
5. Postscript 2010
Chapter 9: The Language Situation in First-Century Palestine: Aramaic and Greek
1. Changing Frontiers and Jewish Colonies
2. Languages, Spoken, Written and Literary
3. Aramaic in First-Century Palestine
4. The Stages of the Aramaic Language
5. Admissible Evidence for Knowledge of First-Century Aramaic
6. Contents of Second-Century B.C.E. - Second-Century C.E. Aramaic Literary Texts
7. The Palestinian Pentateuch Targum and First-Century Aramaic
8. Greek and Latin Loan Words in First-Century Aramaic and Hebrew
9. Targumic Loan Words and Interpretation
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
10. Conclusion on Aramaic in First-Century Palestine
11. Greek in First-Century Palestine
12. Arguments Favouring a Knowledge of Greek
12.1 General Hellenisation and Hellenistic Cities
12.2 Bilingual (Greek and Latin) and Other Inscriptions
12.3 Funerary Inscriptions
12.4 Murabba'at and Nahal Hever Greek Texts
12.5 Evidence of Greek Literary Activity in Palestine and the Transjordan
12.6 The Hellenists and Hebrews (??????sta?, ?ß?a???) of Acts 6:1
13. Arguments against a General Knowledge of Greek
14. Conclusions on Greek in First-Century Palestine
15. Conclusion: Aramaic in New Testament Studies: Some Methodological Considerations
PART THREE Targum and Biblical Exegesis
Chapter 10: Interpretation of Scripture in the Targums
1. The Targums
2. Origin and Development of Targumic Tradition
3. Some Characteristics of Targumic Renderings
3.1 Translations of the Hebrew Text
3.2 Stylized Translation
3.3 Contemporising of Names
3.4 Contemporising in Halakah
3.5 Converse Translations
3.6 Euphemistic Translations and Respect for the Elders of Israel
3.7 Forbidden Targums
3.8 Converse Translation in Tg. Ezekiel 16
3.9 Derogatory Translations
3.10 Avoidance of Anthropomorphisms
God not Direct Subject or Object
3.11 Divine Immanence and Transcendence, Memra of the Lord, Glory, Shekinah
3.12 The Holy Spirit and the Father in Heaven
3.13 The Law, Good Deeds, and Reward in Heaven
3.14 Eschatology, Resurrection of the Dead, the World to Come, the Messiah
4. Lectio Divina and the Origin of Targumic Traditions
4.1 Prayer
4.2 The Four Gifts
4.3 The Four Nights
4.4 Imitation of God's Humility and Kindness
4.5 Moses, the Model Dispenser of Justice
Chapter 11: Variegated Judaism: Some Targum Themes
1. The Targums in Second Temple Judaism
1.1 Terminology
1.2 Admissibility of Targums in Study of Second Temple Judaism
1.3 Origins and Early Development of Interpretative Biblical Tradition and of Targums
1.4 Some Questions of Methodology in the Use of Targums in Second Temple Studies
1.4.1 Targums as Translation and Expanded Paraphrase
1.4.2 The Targums and Jewish Rabbinic Midrash and Rabbinic Biblical Interpretation
1.4.3 Choice of Targums Used
2. Law (The Torah)
2.1 Wisdom and the Torah in Ben Sira (Late Second Temple Judaism)
2.2 Summary of Targumic Position in Pal. Tg. Gen 3:15, 24
2.3 Earthly Reward for Keeping the Commandments of the Law
2.4 Toiling in the Law
2.5 The "Instruction of the Law of the Lord"
2.6 "A People Hard (Difficult) with Regard to Receiving Instruction of the Law"
2.7 "Instruction of the Law of" Inserted in Rendering of Hebrew Text Expressions to "Love", "Hold Fast to", "Fear", "Listen to", "Forget", "Forsake", "Return to" the Lord God
2.7.1 Love the Lord
2.7.2 "Hold fast to the Lord"
2.7.3 Likewise with regard to the places where the Hebrew Text speaks of "listening to (─? ?? ) me (to the Lord)"
2.7.4 Similarly with regard to the phrase "forget the Lord"
2.7.5 In Deut 28:20 the Lord speaks of the punishments to come "because you have forsaken me"
2.7.6 In Deut 30:2 Israel is invited to return to the Lord
2.8 Summary and Conclusion
3. Righteousness and Divine Grace
3.1 Treatment of the Hebrew Terms ???, ????, ???? of the Pentateuch in the Targums
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.2 The Righteousness of God in the Targums of the Pentateuch
3.3 The Righteousness of God in Targum of Isaiah
3.4 The Righteousness of God in the Targum of Psalms
3.5 Israel's Election Not Due to Her Own Righteousness (or Merit - ???)
3.6 The Merits (or: Righteousness - ???) of the Fathers (and Mothers) of Israel
3.6.1 Views of Scholars on the Matter
3.6.2 The Term and the Concept.
3.6.3 The Merit (????) of the Fathers and Mothers in Neofiti and Margins
3.7 Divine Grace
3.8 Summary and Reflection on ???, "Righteousness", "Merit" in the Targums and in Paul
4. Good Works and Reward of Good Works
4.1 Good Works
4.2 The Reward of Good Works
4.3 Summary and Reflection
5. Covenants and Visions of the Future
5.1 Covenant with Moses (The Sinai Covenant)
5.2 Breaking of the Covenant
5.3 Promises of New Covenant
5.4 Covenant with Abraham and Abraham's Vision of the Future
5.5 Jacob's Vision of the End Times
5.6 "Being ashamed in the world to Come": The Patriarch Judah and the Afterlife
5.7 The Coming Kingdom of God
5.8 Expectation of the Messiah
6. Repentance
7. The Intimacy of God
7.1 Anti-Anthropomorphisms and Divine Intimacy
7.2 Loving Tenderness of God
8. Palestinian Judaism, Covenantal Nomism and Targumic Evidence
8.1 Summary of Chief Points of Targumic Teaching
8.2 The Targums
Pattern of Religion
Covenantal Nomism
Chapter 12: Melchizedek: Gen 14:17-20 in the Targums, in Rabbinic and Early Christian Literature
1. Nature of the Targumic Evidence
2. Encounter at the Valley of Shaveh, that is the King's Valley (Gen 14:17)
3. Hebrew Texts and Targums: Gen 14:18
3.1 Observations on the Texts
3.2 Melchizedek King of Salem (v. 18)
3.2.1 The Name "Melchizedek"
3.2.2 Identification of Salem with Jerusalem (v. 18)
3.2.3 Melchizedek identified with Shem (the Great) (v. 18)
3.2.4 Shem the Great in Palestinian Targum Texts and Melchizedek-Shem in Ephrem the Syrian
3.2.5 Origin of Identification of Melchizedek with Shem
3.3 The Demotion of Melchizedek's Priesthood in Rabbinical Sources (Ps 110:4)
3.4 Jewish Interpretation of Psalm 110 according to Antiochene and Early Irish Tradition
3.5 Jewish Interpretation of Psalm 110 according to Justin Martyr
3.6 The Treatment of Melchizedek References in Targum of Psalm 110
3.7 ". He (Melchizedek) Went Out to Meet Abram" (Ps.-J. v. 18)
3.8 The Offering of Bread and Wine (v. 18a)
3.9 Melchizedek's Priesthood
Melchizedek a High Priest?
4. The Blessing and the Tithes (Tgs. Gen 14:19-20)
4.1 The Blessings (Tgs. Gen 14:19-20a)
4.2 The Tithes (Tgs. Gen 14:20b)
Chapter 13: Reception of the Hebrew Text of Leviticus in the Targums
1. Introduction
2. Origin and Nature of Extant Targums
3. The Law of Moses in the Books of Ezra-Nehemiah: Neh 8:15 and Lev 23:40
4. Shared Interpretations in the Palestinian Targums of Leviticus and the Greek Versions
5. Leviticus 16 in Targum 4Q156 (4QtgLev) and in the Other Targums (Onqelos, Palestinian Targums, Pseudo-Jonathan)
6. Reception of the Hebrew Book of Leviticus in the Traditional Targums
7. Israel Drazin's Presentation of the Reception of the Hebrew Text in Targum Onqelos of Leviticus
8. Some Thoughts on Halakah of the Targums of Leviticus and its Affiliations
9. Haggadic Additions in the Palestinian Targums of Leviticus
1.1 Targums Lev 1:1. Moses' Reflection at the Setting of the Tent of Meeting
1.2 Palestinian Targums Leviticus 22:27. The Merits of the Patriarchs and the Abolition of Sacrifice
1.3 Palestinian Targum Lev 24:12. Midrash on Moses as Model for Judges
10. Translation Techniques in Neofiti and Pseudo-Jonathan
11. Purpose of Targumic Renderings: To give the Sense of the Hebrew and Help the People Understand the Reading
Chapter 14: Early Exegesis in the Palestinian Targum (Neofiti): Numbers Chapter 21
1. The Palestinian Targums in Recent Exegesis
2. Biblical Interpretation at Qumran
3. Biblical Interpretation among the Zealots
4. Biblical Interpretation in Pseudo-Philo's Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
5. Continuity in Rabbinical Biblical Interpretation
6. Antiquity of Interpretation Tradition in the Palestinian Targum of Numbers 21
7. Text of Palestinian Targum (Neofiti 1) Numbers 21
7.1 Notes on Translation of Neofiti Numbers 21
Chapter 15: Early Exegesis in the Palestinian Targum (Neofiti 1): Numbers Chapter 24
1. The Palestinian Targum in Recent Study
2. Biblical Interpretation among the Zealots
3. Balaam in the Bible and Post-Biblical Jewish Literature
4. The Balaam Oracles in the Dead Sea Scrolls
5. The Balaam Oracles in Philo Judaeus
6. The Book of Numbers and Balaam in Pseudo-Philo
7. The Balaam Oracles in Josephus
8. Balaam in Rabbinic Judaism and in the Palestinian Targum of the Pentateuch
9. Numbers 24 in the Palestinian Targums
10. Text of Palestinian Targum (Neofiti 1) Numbers 24
11. Apparatus to Neofiti Numbers 24
12. Notes to Targum Neofiti Numbers 24
Chapter 16: The Colophon of Codex Neofiti 1: The Scribe Menahem and the Roman Medical Family of Manuele
1. Introduction
2. Colophon to Neofiti
3. Scribes and Annotators of Codex Neofiti 1
4. Menahem of a Medical Family
5. Giles (Aegidius) of Viterbo and Codex Neofiti 1
6. Jewish Medical Men and Surgeons in Rome 1449-1495
7. Menahem son of Mordecai in Latin and Italian Vernacular = Manuele son of Angelo
8. The Avignon Exile, the Great Schism and the Council of Constance
9. History of the Medical Family of Manuel, Angelo and their Descendants
10. Magister Manuele circurcus = Rabbi Menahem the Physician, Great-Grandfather of the Scribe of Codex Neofiti 1
11. Postscript 2010
PART FOUR Targum and New Testament
Chapter 17: Midrash, Apocrypha, Culture Medium and Development of Doctrine: Some Facts in Quest of a Terminology
1. Traditional Understanding of Midrash
2. Newer Viewpoints
3. Reflections on New Approaches
4. Inner-Biblical Development: Interpretation, Exegesis
5. Inner-Biblical Development: Canonical Process
Comparative Midrash
6. Some Midrash-Type Features or Techniques
7. Midrashic Mind-Set Jewish and Christian
8. Some Examples of "Midrashic Mind" Jewish and Christian
9. Midrash, Apocrypha, Biblical Commentaries, Theological Treatises
10. Irish Apocrypha, Theological Reflection and Theological Treatises on the Afterlife
11. Conclusions
Chapter 18: Logos of the Fourth Gospel and Memra of the Palestinian Targum (Exod 12:42)
Postscript 2010
Chapter 19: "To Prepare a Resting-Place for You": A Targumic Expression and John 14:2-3
1. Aramaic Translations of Deut 1:33 and Num 10:33
2. Some Further Texts
3. Conclusion
4. Postscript 2010
Chapter 20: The Ascension and the Exaltation of Christ in the Fourth Gospel
1. The Theological Connotation of ?????, ??????a?
2. The Exaltation of Christ Associated with the Ascension
3. The Aramaic Underlying ??????a?
3.1 Evidence from Luke 9:51 and Other Sources
3.2 Play on Aramaic Word in Targum Num 11:26
21:1
3.3 Aramaic Word Play in John 7:33-35
8:21-28?
4. Origin of the Johannine Usage
Chapter 21: T? d? ('A???) S??? ???? ?st?? ?? t? 'A?aß?? (Gal 4:25a): Paul and Petra
1. Jewish Traditions in the Epistle to the Galatians
2. Context of Galatians 4:24-25
3. The Dwelling Places of Hagar, Ishmael and their Descendants
3.1 Kadesh
Kadesh-barnea
3.2 Shur and Bered
4. Biblical Traditions Connected with Petra
5. Petra and Mount Sinai
6. Paul and Petra
7. Postscript 2010
Chapter 22: Targum and the New Testament: A Revisit
1. Historical Overview
1.1 The Beginnings
1.2 Targumic Aramaic: Origin of the Palestinian Targum
1.3 Nature of Targumic Paraphrases
1.4 Contemporary Approaches to Targums and New Testament: Methodological Considerations
1.5 A Continuum: Targums and Formation of Late Second Temple Jewish Tradition
1.6 Comparison of Qumran and Targumic Evidence for New Testament Study
2. Vocabulary and Themes
2.1 Good Works and Rewards in the World to Come
2.2 Eternal Shame for not Confessing God in this Life
Measure for Measure
2.3 The Literary Form of "Interpretative Vision" in the Palestinian Targums and in the New Testament
2.4 Father in Heaven
2.4.1 Prayer to the Father in Heaven
2.4.2 Reward before the Father in Heaven
2.4.3 "Be You Merciful as Your Father in Heaven"
Ps-J. Lev 22:28
2.4.4 Other Texts
2.4.5 Conclusion
3. Resurrection Themes
3.1 Resurrection Seen in the Torah
3.2 Consolation and Resurrection on the Third Day
4. Traditions and Themes in Paul and Johannine Writings
4.1 The Well that Followed
4.2 The "Hour of Distress" in the Palestinian Targums and "the Hour" of Jesus in the Fourth Gospel
4.3 The Second Death
5. General Conclusions
Chapter 23: Targums and New Testament, A Way Forward? Targums, Tel-like Character, a Continuum
1. Tel-like Character of Targums
2. A Continuum. Targums and Formation of Late Second Temple Judaism
2.1 Parallels and Parallelomania
2.2 Idea of a Continuum
2.3 Ephesians 4:8 and Targum Psalms 67(68):19
2.4 Zechariah Son of Barachiah: Matt 23:35 (Luke 11:51) and Targum Lam. 2:20.
2.5 The Shekinah (m. Abot 3:3, 6
ARN B, ch. 34, p. 74) and Matt 18:20: "I Am There Among Them"
2.6 Other Texts
3. Conclusion
Appendix 1: A Bibliography of the Works of Martin McNamara in Targumic Studies
Appendix 2: The Aramaic Bible Project
Appendix 3: Modern Targum Critical Editions, Concordances and Dictionaries
1. All Targums
2. Onqelos Vatican manuscript Ebr. 448
3. Neofiti 1
4. Palestinian Targum
4.1 All Texts
4.2 Pseudo-Jonathan, London Manuscript
4.3 Fragment Targums. All Texts
CONCORDANCES
1. Neofiti
2. Pseudo-Jonathan
3. Targum of the Prophets
DICTIONARY
Appendix 4: Cumulative Bibliography
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Subjects and Persons
Index to Citations and References
Old Testament
New Testament
Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
Qumran Texts
New Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
Translations
Targums
Mishna
Babylonian Talmud
Palestinian Talmud
Tosefta
Rabbinic Writings
Other Jewish Writings
Non-Canonical Christian Writings
Other Ancient Writers & Writings
Medieval Texts
Various Manuscripts
Inscriptions

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