Cognition in Education

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN COGNITION

Introduction and Overview

Information Processing Model of Human Cognition

Consciousness or Working Memory

Long-term Memory






Declarative Memory



Procedural Memory

Summary of Key Ideas

CHAPTER 2: ATTENTION AND PREPARING TO LEARN

Attention






Our attention is limited

Attention and Learning






People focus their attention on things that are novel, emotional, or physically distinct



People focus their attention on relevant stimuli

Using Knowledge of Attention: Student perspective

Using Knowledge of Attention: Teacher perspective






Ensuring students pay attention to information helps them learn



Ensuring students avoid attending to distracting information

Summary of Key Ideas

CHAPTER 3: IMPROVING MEMORY

Distributed Practice






Distributed practice is more beneficial when there is a time gap between study episodes



The distributed practice effect is more pronounced when there is a time gap between the last study episode and the final test

Using Distributed Practice: Student perspective

Using Distributed Practice: Teacher perspective

Retrieval practice






Retrieving information from memory is beneficial for learning



When using retrieval practice, attempting to recall is more beneficial than attempting to recognize



How much time should pass between initial study and retrieval practice?

Using Retrieval Practice: Student perspective

Using Retrieval Practice: Teacher perspective

Summary of Key Ideas

CHAPTER 4: IMPROVING COMPREHENSION

Comprehension

Generating Questions






Generating high quality questions is beneficial for comprehension

Elaborating and Explaining Text






Generating explanations is beneficial for learning



When encoding information, making information meaningful facilitates memory

Graphic Organizers






Completing a graphic organizer is beneficial for learning

Improving Comprehension: Student perspective

Improving Comprehension: Teacher perspective

Summary of Key Ideas

Conclusions

GLOSSARY

REFERENCES