Counselling for Career Construction

Foreword; 1. Turning Hurt into Hope: Rationale for the Book; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 How I Developed an Interest in the Topic of This Book; 1.3 Why I Believe it is Worth Conducting Research on the Topic and Reporting on such Research; 1.4 'Best Practice' in Career Counselling Theory and Praxis: Perspectival Comments and a Call for Research; 1.5 Meta-Reflection (Repeated Reflection on Reflections); 1.6 Overview; 2. Need for a New Approach to Career Counselling; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Importance of Equipping Clients better to Negotiate Career Transitions; 2.3 Broad Functions of Personality and Career Counselling Theories; 2.4 Investigating the Continued Value and Power of 20th Century Career Theory and Practice for 21st Century Career Counselling Practice; 2.5 Value of Present-Day Career Counselling Theories: Focusing on the Bigger Picture; 2.6 Reflecting and Reflexivity as Integral Aspects of 21st Century Career Counselling; 2.7 Summary; 3. The Effect of Changes in the World of Work on Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks for Career Counselling (Maree & Morgan, 2012); 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Impact of Global Workplace Change on Lifestyles; 3.3 Predominant Waves in Psychology, Career Counselling, and the Economy Since 1882 (Maree, 2010a, 2010b); 3.3.1 Influence of Economic Waves on Work-Related and Career-Related Matters; 3.3.2 Perspective; 3.3.3 Interplay Between the Psychology, Career Counselling and Economy Waves Over the Past 120 Years; 3.3.4 Connection Between Helping Models in the Career Counselling and Economic Waves (Molitor, 1999; 2000; Savickas, 2006a; 2006b; 2007b); 3.3.5 Attributes or Traits Emphasized During Each of the Four Economic Waves and Concurrent Helping Models in Career Counselling (Savickas, 2006a, 2006b, 2007b; Maree & Morgan, 2012); 3.4 Epistemological Approaches that have Underpinned and Guided the Practice of Career Counselling over the Past 120 Years; 3.4.1 Traditional (Positivist) Approach to Career Counselling; 3.4.2 Postmodern (Qualitative, Narrative or Storied) Approach to Career Counselling; 3.4.3 Perspective; 3.5 Addressing Career Counselling Needs Across the Diversity Spectrum; 3.5.1 Indigenization; 3.5.2 Managing Diversity in Career Counselling; 3.6 Summary; 4. Career Construction Principles and Practices; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Contemporary Personality Theories' Effect on Career Counselling Theories; 4.3 Existential-Phenomenological Theory as a Cornerstone of Meta-Reflection; 4.3.1 The Meaning of Existential-phenomenological Theory for Human Functioning, Development and Choice Making (Self-Construction); 4.3.2 Interconnectedness Between Existential-Phenomenological Theory and the Storied Approach; 4.4 Systems Theory; 4.5 Social Constructionism Theory; 4.6 Narrative Counselling; 4.7 Career Construction Theory; 4.8 Self-Construction; 4.9 Career Counselling; 4.10 Life Designing; 4.11 Life Redesigning; 4.12 Career Adaptability; 4.13 Role of Counsellors in Achieving Meta-Reflection; 4.14 Facilitating (Guided) Self-Advising; 4.15 Self-Reflection; 4.16 Exploiting Reflection and Meta-Reflection to Facilitate Movement; 4.17 Summary; 5. Salient Features of Career Construction Counselling; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Goals of Career Counselling; 5.3 Creating a Holding Environment; 5.4 Narratibility; 5.5 Autobiographicity; 5.6 Intentionality; 5.7 Body Language: The Body Never Lies; it Merely Speaks the Mind (Savickas, 2009a; 2009b; Shapiro, 2006); 5.8 Listening Carefully to what Clients Say; 5.9 Clients Listening to Themselves; 5.10 Obtaining Authentic Self-Insight; 5.11 Using Metaphors to Wrap up the Career Construction Interview; 5.12 General Hints for Career Counsellors Unfamiliar with Postmodern Careers Work; 5.13 Summary; 6. Three Early Recollections Technique; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Use of Earliest Recollections: Brief Theoretical Background (Maree, 2012a, 2012b); 6.3 Using Earliest Recollections to Identify Clients' Major Life Themes; 6.4 Importance of Earliest Recollections in Career Counselling; 6.5 Analyzing Early Recollections; 6.6 Demonstrating How to Analyze a First Early Recollection; 6.7 Summary; From Theory to Practice; 7. Using the CIP and its Narrative Supplement in Career Counselling; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Aims of the CIP; 7.3 Techniques for Eliciting Clients' Career Stories; 7.4 CIP Properties; 7.4.1 Part 1 ; 7.4.2 Part 2; 7.4.3 Part 3; 7.4.4 Part 4 ; 7.4.5 The CIP as a Unit; 7.4.6 Importance of the Second Last Question, Part 4 ; 7.5 Inductive Data Analysis Strategy; 7.5.1 Explaining the Concept of Qualitative Data Analysis to Clients; 7.5.2 Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Methods to Facilitate Career Counselling; 7.6 Using Triangulation and Crystallization to Facilitate Quality Assurance; 7.7 Summary; 8. Practical Implementation of Career Construction as Shown through Case Studies; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Savickas' Eight-Step Strategy for Crafting a Life Portrait; 8.2.1 The Eight-Step Strategy; 8.2.2 Crafting a Life Portrait; 8.2.3 Developing a Vision and Mission Statement; 8.3 Case Study 1; 8.3.1 Participant and Context; 8.3.2 Mode of Inquiry; 8.3.3 Ethics; 8.3.4 Career Story ('Results'); 8.4 Case Study 2: From Basing the Choice of a Career on the Advice of Others to Guided Self-advising; 8.4.1 Participant and Context; 8.4.2 Data Gathering; 8.4.2.1 Quantitative Techniques: Psychometric Instruments; 8.4.2.2 Qualitative Techniques; 8.4.3 Process; 8.4.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation; 8.4.5 Career Story ('Results'); 8.4.5.1 Maude's responses to selected questions in Part 2 of the CIP; 8.4.5.2 Maude's responses to selected questions in Part 4 of the CIP; 8.4.5.3 Responses to the questions in the CCI; 8.4.5.4 Maude's reflections on her reflections; 8.4.6 Discussion; 8.4.7 Sequel; 8.5 Case Study 3: The Importance of Noting Clients' Hobbies; 8.6 Case Study 4: 'Stuck in a Rut': Using Facilitating Movement; 8.7 Case Study 5: Restoring a Sense of Self; 8.8 Case Study 6: Connecting the Dots to 'Confirm' a Career Choice; 8.8.1 Interest Profile; 8.8.2 Career Story Narratives; 8.9 Summary; 9. Closing Chapter; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Is it Sufficient to Use only the CCI in Career Counselling?; 9.3 Some Limitations and Caveats of the Approach; 9.4 Recommendations; 9.5 Advice to Others Using this Approach; 9.6 Role of Counsellors in Facilitating Career Construction by Clients; 9.7 Conclusion; Epilogue: J. D. Jansen; Notes; References; Index.