Chemical Warfare Agents

Section I: General. 1. Brief History and Use of Chemical Warfare Agents in Warfare and Terrorism. 2. Chemistries of Chemical Warfare Agents. 3. Toxicokinetics of Nerve Agents. 4. Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW): History, Mission, and Accomplishments. 5. Chemical Holdings and Their Internationally Verified Destruction. 6. Syria's Chemical Disposal Program. 7. The Use of Chemical Warfare Agents during the Syrian Civil War. 8. U.S. CBRN Homeland Response and Civil Support. Section II: Agent Effects. 9. Mustard Vesicants. 10. Health and Psychological Effects of Low-Level Exposure to Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents. 11. Inhalation Toxicology of Chemical Agents. 12. Cyanides: Toxicology, Clinical Presentation, and Medical Management. 13. The Structural Biology, Biochemistry, Toxicology, and Military Use of the Ricin Toxin and the Associated Treatments and Medical Countermeasures for Ricin Exposure. 14. Medical Countermeasures for Intoxication by Botulinum Neurotoxin. 15. Incapacitating Agents and Technologies: A Review. 16. Screening Smokes: Applications, Toxicology, Clinical Considerations, and Medical Management. Section III: Protection. 17. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Practical and Theoretical Considerations. 18. Pyridostigmine Protection from Nerve Agent Intoxication: Concept to FDA Approval. 19. Hormesis: Using Preconditioning to Build Biological Shields - A Novel Approach for Enhancing Resilience to Toxic Agents, Traumatic Illness/Injury, and Age-Related Degenerative Diseases. Section IV: Detection. 20. Clinical Detection of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents. 21. Biomarkers for Organophosphate Poisoning: Physiological and Pathological Responses. 22. Field Sensors: Military and Civilian. 23. Application of Genomic, Proteomic, and Metabolomic Technologies to the Development of Countermeasures against Chemical Warfare Agents. 24. Nanomaterial-Based Sensors: Applications in Chemical Warfare Agent Detection and Identification. Section V: Decontamination. 25. Chemical Warfare Agent Decontamination from Skin. 26. Aircraft Decontamination and Mitigation. Section VI: Treatment. 27. Military Chemical Casualty Treatment. 28. Pre-Hospital and Hospital Response to Toxicological Mass Casualty Events: The Israeli Approach. 29. An Overview of the NIAID/NIH Chemical Medical Countermeasures Product Research and Development Program. 30. Medical Management of Chemical Warfare Agents. 31. Protein-Based Bioscavengers of Organophosphorus Nerve Agents. 32. Oxime Research. 33. Brain-Penetrating Reactivators of Organophosphate-Inhibited Acetylcholinesterase. 34. Nerve Agent-Induced Seizures and Status Epilepticus: Neuroprotective Strategies. Section VII: Predictive Modeling. 35. Computational Modeling to Predict Human Toxcitiy. 36. Lung-on-a-Chip. 37. Body-on-a-Chip for Pharmacology and Toxicology. 38. Animal Models. 39. Real-Time Physiological Data Collection and Analysis in Animal Inhalation Models: Predictive and Diagnostic Implications. 40. Contextual Factors Influencing Leadership Decision Making.