International Neurology

List of contributors

Foreword

Endorsement from the World Federation of Neurology

Preface

Part 1 Vascular

1 Overview of Stroke
Christopher Li-Hsian Chen, Chung Y. Hsu

2 Ischemic Stroke and Transient Events, TIA
Lidia Yamada, Shelly Ozark, Bruce Ovbiagele

3 Atherothrombotic Disease
Nijasri C. Suwanwela

4 Occlusion Disease of Small Penetrating Arteries
Marie Dagonnier, Takeshi Iwanaga, Hock L. Teoh, Jorge A. Zavala, Geoffrey A. Donann

5 Ischemic White Matter Disease (Binswanger's disease)
Saltanat U. Kamenova, Aida M. Kondybayeva, Assiya Akanova

6 Brain Embolism
Bernard P. L. Chan, N. Venketasubramanian, Chung Y. Hsu

7 Systemic Hypotensive Injury (Border Zone Infarction)
Thomas W. Leung

8 Dissection of the Cervicocerebral Arteries
Nijasri C. Suwanwela

9 Coagulation Disorders
Kay Sin Tan

10 Hemorrhagic Strokes
Anna Katharina Flügel, Thorsten Steiner, Josef Schill, Nauman Jahangir, Morad Chughtai, Mushtaq H. Qureshi, Adnan I. Qureshi

11 Strokes in Children and Young Adults
Alfred Lindner, Ute Berweiler

12 Other Cerebrovascular Syndromes
David J. Blacker

13 Cerebral Venous Disease
Patrick W. Carney, Stephen M. Davis

14 Spinal Cord Strokes
Rohini Bhole, Louis R. Caplan

Part 2 Disorders of Cerebrovacular Autonomic Control

15 Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstrictive Syndrome (RCVS)
Shih-Pin Chen, Shuu-Jiun Wang

16 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
Pratik Bhattacharya

Part 3 The Vasculitides

Inflammatory vasculopathy

17 Extracranial and Intracranial Granulomatous Arteritis (Giant cell arteritis)
Gregory P. Van Stavern

18 Intracranial granulomatous Arteritis (primary Angiitis of the CNS)/ Idiopathic CNS Vasculitis
Donald Silberberg

19 Takayasu's Arteritis
Yasuhisa Kitagawa

20 Polyarteritis Nodosa, Churg-Strauss and Overlap Vasculitis Syndrome
Arnold I. Levinson, Robert P Lisak

21 Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPS)
Gerard Said

22 Cerebrovascular Disease Associated with Antiphospholipid Antibody
Adrian Marchidann, Steven R. Levine

23 Thromboangiitis Obliterans - Buerger disease
Kumar Rajamani

24 Susac's disease
Rachel E. Ventura, Steven L. Galetta

Part 4 Inflammatory Vasculopathies

25 SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome
Marc Gotkine, Oded Abramsky

26 Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Ho Jin Kim, Jae-Won Hyun

27 Mixed connective tissue disorders
Ho Jin Kim, Jae-Won Hyun

28 Micro vasculitides and Behcet's disease
Ugur Uygunoglu, Sabahattin Saip, Aksel Siva

29 Sarcoidosis
Barney J. Stern

30 Autoimmune Encephalitis with Neuronal Cell Surface Antibodies
Josep Dalmau, Myrna R. Rosenfeld

Part 5 Paroxysmal disorders

31 Epilepsy Overview
Andres M. Kanner, Barbara E. Swartz

32 Cryptogenic and Symptomatic Generalized Epilepsies and Syndromes
Marco T. Medina, Antonio V. Delgado-Escueta, Luis C. Rodríguez Salinas, Marco Medina-Montoya, Barbara E Swartz

33 Genetic (primary) Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies
Afawi Zaid, Altynshash Jaxybayeva

34 Localization Related Epilepsies
Hirokazu Oguni, Chrysostomos P. Panayiotopoulos

35 Neurodiagnostic Tools for the Paroxysmal Disorders
Barbara E. Swartz

36 Neuropharmacology of Antiepileptic Drugs
Paul B. Pritchard, III

37 Surgical and Other Treatment
Ivan Rektor, Barbara E. Swartz

Part 6 Dementia

38 Dementia Overview
Murray Grossman

39 Mild cognitive impairment to include amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
David Wolk, Sanjeev Vaishnavi

40 Parkinson's Dementia, Lewy Body Disease and Other Synucleinopathies
Irena Rektorová, Marek Balá?, Robert Rusina, Radoslav Matij

41 Specific Vascular Syndromes
Elka Stefanova, Vladimir Kosti?

42 Vascular cognitive Impairment
Elka Stefanova, Vladimir Kosti?

43 Frontotemporal dementia
Katya Rascovsky, Diana Matallana

44 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Corticobasal Syndrome and Other Tauopathies
David J. Irwin

45 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other TDP-43 Proteinopathies
Albert C. Ludolph

46 Metabolic, toxic, infectious, inflammatory and other dementias
John M. Ringman, Arousiak Varpetian, Yu-Wei Lin

Part 7 Movement Disorders

47 Movement disorders: An overview
Roongroj Bhidayasiri, Jirada Sringean, Daniel D. Truong

48 Tremor
Jan Raethjen, Günther Deuschl

49 Parkinsonism
Dronacharya Lamichhane, Lisa M. Shulman

50 Parkinson's disease
Daniel D. Truong, Roongroj Bhidayasiri

51 Dystonia
Stanley Fahn

52 Chorea and related disorders
Roongroj Bhidayasiri, Onanong Jitkritsadakul, Daniel D. Truong

53 Myoclonus
John N. Caviness, Daniel D. Truong

54 Tics and Tourette syndrome
Valerie Suski, Mark Stacy

55 Ataxia
Sergey N. Illarioshkin

56 Drug induced movement disorders
Rick Stell

57 Paroxysmal movement disorders
Sopio Sopromadze, Alexander Tsiskaridze

Part 8 Infectious diseases

Bacterial infections

58 Acute bacterial meningitis
Sudesh Prabhakar

59 Brain abscess
Gagandeep Singh

60 Subdural empyema
Sandi Lam, Eric Momin

61 Epidural abscess
Sandi Lam, Humphrey Okechi, Jared Fridley

62 Intracranial septic thrombophlebitis
Ismail A. Khatri, Mohammad Wasay

63 Encephalitis due to bacterial infections
Karen L. Roos, Jennifer Durphy

Mycobacterial infections

64 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and avium
Einar P. Wilder-Smith

65 Leprosy
Minh Le, Minh Hoang Van

Spirochetal infections

66 Neurosyphilis
Jonathan Carr

67 Lyme disease
Patricia K. Coyle

Protozoan diseases

68 Introduction to protozoans of the central nervous system
Marylou V. Solbrig

69 Amoebic disease of the central nervous system
Melanie Walker

70 Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system
Marylou V. Solbrig

71 Cerebral malaria
Polrat Wilairatana, Srivicha Krudsood, Noppadon Tangpukdee

72 Trypanosomiasis
Francisco Javier Carod-Artal

Helminthic

73 Cestodes
Oscar H. Del Brutto

74 Trematodes: schistosomiasis
Manjari Tripathi

75 Nematodes
Manjari Tripathi

Other infection

76 Fungal infections of the central nervous system
Thomas Cesario

77 Rickettsial disease
Kelly J Baldwin, Narendra Rathi

Part 9 Prion diseases and Neurovirology

78 Prion Disorders
Ellen Gelpi, Herbert Budka

79 Acute and recurrent viral meningitis
Larry E. Davis

80 Acute viral encephalitis
Heng Thay Chong, Chong Tin Tan

81 Neurologic complications of human herpes virus infections
Don Gilden, Maria A. Nagel

82 Chronic viral diseases of the CNS
Maria A. Nagel, Don Gilden

83 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, PML
Salim Chahin, Thomas Weber, Joseph R. Berger

HIV and the Nervous System

84 Biology of the HIV Virus and overview of AIDS
Alexandros C. Tselis

85 HIV encephalitis and myelopathy
Girish Modi, Kapila Hari, Andre Mochan

86 Neuromuscular complications of HIV
David M. Simpson, Kara Stavros

87 Opportunistic Infections in HIV Positive Subjects and AIDS patients
B. J. Brew, A. Laffan

88 Neurologic Complications of HTLV-1
Abelardo Q-C Araujo, Marco A. Lima, Marcus Tulius Silva

Part 10 Demyelinating Disorders

89 Multiple sclerosis
Robert P. Lisak, Jun-Ichi Kira

90 Multiple sclerosis in children
Sarah E. Hopkins, Yael Hacohen, Sona Narula, Brenda L Banwell

91 Neuromyelitis optica
William M. Carroll

92 Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Sona Narula, Sarah E. Hopkins, Yael Hacohen, and Brenda Banwell

93 Isolated inflammatory demyelinating CNS syndromes
Ernest Willoughby

94 Osmotic demyelination syndromes
Ovidiu-Alexandru Bajenaru

95 Concentric sclerosis
Takeshi Tabira

Part 11 Specific toxicities and deficiencies

96 Toxicology
Chin-Chang Huang, Nai-Shin Chu

97 Alcohol related neurological disorders
Yuri Alekseenko

98 Vitamin Deficiencies
Jacques Serratrice, Volodymyr Golyk

99 Starvation, Strachan syndrome and postgastroplasty syndrome
Ivan Milanov, Vesselina Grozeva

Part 12 Peripheral Neuropathies

100 Peripheral Neuropathies overview
Friedhelm Sandbrink

101 Hereditary neuropathies
Liying Cui, Mingsheng Liu

102 Acquired Neuropathies
Friedhelm Sandbrink

103 Plexopathies
Friedhelm Sandbrink

Part 13 Neuromuscular Disorders
Hereditary Neuromuscular Disorders
Degenerative upper and lower motor neuron disorders

104 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Björn Oskarsson, Nanette Joyce, Steven P. Ringel

105 Progressive Muscular Atrophy (PMA)
James Ha, Steven P. Ringel, Björn Oskarsson

106 Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS)
Nanette Joyce, Björn Oskarsson, Yvonne D. Rollins, Steven P. Ringel

107 Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Ildefonso Rodríguez-Leyva

108 Spinal muscular atrophy
Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn, Klaus Zerres

109 Post-polio syndrome
Nils Erik Gilhus

Degenerative Muscle Disorders

110 Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD)
A. J. van der Kooi, M. de Visser

111 Dystrophinopathies
Chiara S. M. Straathofa, Marianne de Visserb

112 Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD)
George W. Padberg

113 Myotonic disorders
Giovanni Meola, Rosanna Cardani

114 Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD)
Luis A. Chui, Tahseen Mozaffar, Namita A. Goyal

115 Emery Dreifuss and other laminopathies
Malcolm Rabie, Yoram Nevo

116 Muscle channelopathies
Karen Suetterlin, Michael G. Hanna

117 Congenital dystrophies and myopathies
Young-Chul Choi

118 Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS)
Angela Abicht, Ulrike Schara

119 Distal myopathies
Phillipa J. Lamont, Nigel G. Laing

Acquired Neuromuscular Disorders

120 Polymyositis
Marinos C. Dalakas

121 Dermatomyositis
Marinos C. Dalakas

122 Inclusion body myositis (IBM)
Merrilee Needham, Frank L. Mastaglia

123 Immune mediated inflammatory myopathies
Werner Stenzel, Hans-Hilmar Goebel, Olivier Benveniste, Yves Allenbach

124 Toxic myopathies
Stefen Brady, David Hilton-Jones

125 Critical illness neuromuscular disorders
Nicola Latronico, Frank A. Rasulo

126 Exercise intolerance and myoglobinuria
John Vissing

127 Muscle cramps
Kimiyoshi Arimura, Raymond L. Rosales

128 Myasthenia gravis
Richard A. Lewis

129 LEMS
Emilia Kerty

130 NMJ disorders caused by drugs and toxins
Zohar Argov

Part 14 Neurogenetic

131 Neurogenetic
Karen P. Frei, Janice Fuentes

Part 15 Neurootology

132 Neurootology
Kevin A. Kerber

Part 16 Neuroophthalmology

133 Neuroophthalmology
Anuchit Poonyathalang

Part 17 Neuro-oncology

134 Neuro-oncology overview
Marc C. Chamberlain

Glial tumors

135 High grade astrocytomas
Olivier-L Chinot, Marc C. Chamberlain

136 Low grade astrocytomas
M.J. van den Bent

137 Low grade and anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Sergio Cabrera, Catherine Maurice, Warren P. Mason

138 Brain stem glioma
Ira J. Dunkel, Mark M. Souweidane

139 Intracranial ependymoma
Marc C. Chamberlain

Non-glial tumors

140 Nerve sheath tumors
Nathan J. Ranalli, Zarina S. Ali, Gregory G. Heuer, Eric L. Zager

141 Meningiomas
Jeffrey Raizer, Simran Singh

142 Medulloblastoma
Alba A. Brandes, Regina I. Jakacki, Enrico Franceschi

143 Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)
Deborah T. Blumenthal, Idan Ben-Horin

Metastatic tumors

144 Brain metastases
Babita Jyoti, Farida Balkhi Alam, Silvia Hofer, Michael Brada

145 Leptomeningeal metastases
Emilie Le Rhun, Sophie Taillibert, Marc C. Chamberlain

146 Spinal epidural metastases
Roberta Rudà, Riccardo Soffietti

Neurologic complications of systemic cancer
147 General approach to the diagnosis and treatment of paraneoplastic neurological disorders
Myrna R. Rosenfeld, Josep Dalmau

Part 18 Sleep disorders

148 Insomnia
Delwyn J. Bartlett, Colin A. Espie

Primary disorders of daytime somnolence

149 Narcolepsy
Marcel Hungs

150 Idiopathic hypersomnia
Marcel Hungs

151 Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Janesh Patel, Christian Guilleminault

152 Restless Leg syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorders
Birgit Högl, Birgit Frauscher, Claudio Podesta

153 Circadian sleep disorders
Sergio Tufik, Lia R .A. Bittencourt, Monica L. Andersen

Parasomnias

154 Arousal disorders
Li Ling Lim

155 REM Sleep Behavioral Disorders
Li Ling Lim

156 Hypnogenic paroxysmal Dystonia
Cynthia L. Comella

157 Sleep abnormalities in Neurological Disorders
Margaret Park, Cynthia L. Comella

Part 19 Spinal cord

158 Spinal cord disorders
David B. VoduSek, Miran Jeromel, Simon Podnar

159 Ischemic and congestive myelopathies
Simon Podnar, Miran Jeromel, David B. VoduSek

160 Syringomyelia
Alla Guekht

Part 20 Pediatric neurology

161 Neonatal neurology
Mary Payne, Ann Tilton

162 Neurodevelopmental disorders
Adam L. Numis, Raman Sankar

163 Floppy infant syndrome
Jong-Hee Chae, Anna Cho

164 Storage disorders
Jeffrey J. Ekstrand, Jason T. Lerner, Raman Sankar

165 Fatty acid oxidation disorders
Thomas Wieser

166 Disorders of amino acid, organic acid, and ammonia metabolism
Stephen Cederbaum

167 Pediatric neurotransmitter diseases
Stephen Deputy

168 Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies
Stacey K. H. Tay, Caterina Garone, Salvatore DiMauro

169 Disorders resulting from transporters
Anna Czlonkowska, David Gloss, Tomasz Litwin

170 The porphyrias
F. J. E. Vajda

Part 21 CNS Trauma, Pain and Headache

171 Traumatic brain injury
Christopher C. Giza

172 Spinal Injury
Enver I. Bogdanov, Aisylu T. Faizutdinova

173 Whiplash injury
Anthony Ciabarra

174 Decompression sickness
Andreas Koch, Günther Deuschl

175 Pain
Guillermo García-Ramos, Bernardo Cacho-Díaz, Bruno Estañol-Vidal

176 Headache
Stephen D. Silberstein

177 Facial and neck pain
Kammant Phanthumchinda

178 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Jasem Yousef Al-Hashel

179 Fibromyalgia
Saeed Bohlega, Hussam Abou Al-Shaar

Index