Laccase and Polyphenol Oxidase

ContributorsAbout the editorPrefaceCHAPTER 1 Functional roles of polyphenol oxidases in plants and fungiMehdi Kamali Dashtarzhaneh, Valentina Valencia Bernal and Fatemeh KhodadadiIntroductionPolyphenol oxidase structure and mechanismEnzymatic activity and reaction mechanisms of polyphenol oxidasesLatency and activation of polyphenol oxidasesPolyphenol oxidase and browningPolyphenol oxidase functions against biotic stress in plantsPolyphenol oxidase function against plant pathogensPolyphenol oxidase function against insect pestsFunctions of polyphenol oxidases in plants against abiotic stressBiological functions of polyphenol oxidases in plant metabolism synthesisBetalain biosynthesisAurone biosynthesisTyrosine and esculetin metabolismLignan biosynthesisFunctions of polyphenol oxidases in fungiPigmentation and browningLignin degradationMorphogenesisFungal defense and interactionPolyphenol oxidase genes and characterizationConclusionsReferencesCHAPTER 2 Plant PPO: Production, purification, and activity assaysZhao Li, Kritika Shrestha and Yu LiIntroductionOverall PPO structureStructural information on the substrate specificityPrevious investigations on plant PPO purification and characterizationCrude extraction and purification of PPOsCharacterization of plant PPOsRecombinant plant PPOs: Production, purification and characterizationPrior investigations into recombinant PPOsCase study: Recombinant production, purification and characterization of grape PPOConclusionsReferencesCHAPTER 3 Laccase and polyphenol oxidase: Biochemistry and biotechnological applicationsJ. Ashwini John, Sana Riaz, S.K. Taihid Ali and Ethiraj SelvarajanIntroductionStructure and catalytic site Mechanism of enzyme action Biochemical applications of polyphenol oxidase and laccase Biosensing/biochemical sensingRemoval of pollutants Other biotechnological applicationsFood industryTextile industryPharmaceutical industryBioremediationConclusions and future prospectivesReferencesCHAPTER 4 Recent advances in the design of PPO inhibitorsChen Wai Wong, Zhi Zhou Siew, Win Yee Lim and Eric Wei Chiang ChanIntroductionPolyphenol oxidase inhibitors in food packaging systemsThe role of food packaging on enzymatic browningActive packaging as an innovative approach to inhibit enzymatic browningChoice between plant-based and synthetic PPO inhibitors in active packagingCompatibility of plant-based inhibitors with active packagingPolyphenol oxidase inhibitors in cosmeceuticalsRole of tyrosinase in melanogenesisMelanogenesis-related dermatological issuesPlant-based cosmeceutical PPO inhibitorsDelivery systems for plant-based PPO inhibitorsEthical screening methods for melanogenesis inhibitionConclusionReferencesFurther readingCHAPTER 5 Reaction mechanism and redox potential of laccaseNabangshu Dev SharmaIntroduction - laccase as versatile biocatalystsBasic structural features of laccasesMultidomain structure of laccaseActive site characteristicsConserved sequential regionsReaction mechanism of laccases and their unique substrate binding cavitySubstrate oxidationDistinction between laccases and other MCOsOxygen reduction mechanismRedox potential of laccasesRole of the axial ligandOther impacting factorsRelation between redox potential and substrate specificityLaccase engineering and the role of redox mediatorsFactors influencing laccase activity other than redox potentialConclusionReferencesCHAPTER 6 Laccases: Biological functions and potential applicationsLan Huong Le Viet, Tomoko Matsuda and Ivanhoe K.H.