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The new edition of the definitive academic companion to Tolkien's life and literature
A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien provides readers with an in-depth examination of the author's life and works, covering Tolkien's fiction and mythology, his academic writing, and his continuing impact on contemporary literature and culture. Presenting forty-one essays by a panel of leading scholars, the Companion analyzes prevailing themes found in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, posthumous publications such as The Silmarillion and The Fall of Arthur, lesser-known fiction and poetry, literary essays, and more.
This second edition of the Companion remains the most complete and up-to-date resource of its kind, encompassing new Tolkien publications, original scholarship, The Hobbit film adaptations, and the biographical drama Tolkien. Five entirely new essays discuss the history of fantasy literature, the influence of classical mythology on Tolkien, folklore and fairytales, diversity, and Tolkien fandom. This Companion also:
A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien, Second Edition is essential reading for anyone formally studying or teaching Tolkien in academic settings, and an invaluable resource for general readers with interest in Tolkien's works or fans of the films wanting to discover more.
Dr Stuart Lee is a senior member of the Faculty of English at the University of Oxford. He is a teacher and researcher in the areas of Fantasy Literature, War Poetry, Old English, and Digital Humanities. He has published extensively on all of these and most recently edited the 4-volume Critical Assessments of Major Writers: J. R. R. Tolkien for Routledge (2017), and The Keys of Middle-earth (2nd edition) with Elizabeth Solopova. He has led many major Digital Humanities research projects since 1996, most notably a series of digital crowd-sourcing initiatives across Europe, and The First World War Poetry Digital Archive. He is also the Deputy Chief Information Officer at Oxford and a joint Trustee of the Wilfred Owen Estate.
Acknowledgments ix
Notes on Contributors xi
Editorial Practices and Abbreviations xviii
Bibliography xix
Abbreviations xx
Brief Chronology of the Life and Works of J.R.R. Tolkien xxii
Introduction to the Second Edition xxxiv
Part I: Life 1
1 A Brief Biography 3John Garth
Part II: The Academic 19
2 Academic Writings 21Thomas Honegger
3 Tolkien as Editor 34Tom Shippey
4 Manuscripts: Use and Using 48Stuart D. Lee
Part III: The Legendarium 65
5 Myth-making, Sub-creation, and World-building 67Carl Phelpstead
6 Middle-earth Mythology: An Overview 79Leslie A. Donovan
7 The Silmarillion: Tolkien's Theory of Myth, Text, and Culture 93Gergely Nagy
8 The Hobbit: A Turning Point 104John D. Rateliff
9 The Lord of the Rings 116John R. Holmes
10 Unfinished Tales and the History of Middle-earth: A Lifetime of Imagination 127Elizabeth A. Whittingham
11 "The Lost Road" and "The Notion Club Papers": Myth, History, and Time-travel 140Verlyn Flieger
12 Poetry 152Corey Olsen
13 "Minor" Works 166Maria Artamonova
14 Invented Languages and Writing Systems 177Arden R. Smith
Part IV: Context 189
15 Fantasy: An Introduction 191Edward James
16 Classical Literature 203Hamish Williams
17 "On Fairy-stories" and Folktale Research 214Juliette Wood
18 Old English 224Mark Atherton
19 Middle English 235Elizabeth Solopova
20 Old Norse 247Tom Birkett
21 Finnish: The Land and Language of Heroes 260Leena Kahlas-Tarkka
22 Celtic: "Celtic Things" and "Things Celtic" - Identity, Language, and Mythology 271J. S. Lyman-Thomas
23 The English Literary Tradition: Shakespeare to the Gothic 283Nick Groom
24 Earlier Fantasy Fiction: Morris, Dunsany, and Lindsay 297Rachel Falconer
25 The Inklings and Others: Tolkien and His Contemporaries 309David Bratman
26 Later Fantasy Fiction: Tolkien's Legacy 324Dimitra Fimi
27 Periodizing Tolkien: The Romantic Modern 337Anna Vaninskaya
Part V: Critical Approaches 353
28 The Critical Response to Tolkien's Fiction 355Patrick Curry
29 Style and Intertextual Echoes 374Allan Turner
30 The Hero's Journey 386Anna Caughey
31 Evil 399Christopher Garbowski
32 Nature 410Liam Campbell
33 Religion: An Implicit Catholicism 424Pat Pinsent
34 War 437Janet Brennan Croft
35 Women 448Adam Roberts
36 Difference and Otherness 460Christopher Vaccaro
37 Art 472Christopher Tuthill
38 Music 485Bradford Lee Eden
39 Film Adaptations: Theatrical and Television Versions 497Kristin Thompson
40 Games: Playable Arda 511Péter Kristóf Makai
41 Fandom 525Cait Coker General Bibliography 535
Index 544
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