Handbook of Individual Differences, Learning, and Instruction

Contents: Part I:Individual Differences in Learning and Instruction. Individuals, Differences, and Learning. Individual Differences and Instruction. Adapting Instruction to Individual Differences and Learning Outcomes. Part II:Intelligence: Mapping Mental Abilities. Second-Order Mental Abilities: Cattell's Crystalized/Fluid Intelligence. Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities. Guilford's Structure of the Intellect. Part III:Cognitive Controls. Field Dependence and Field Independence (Global vs. Articulated Style). Cognitive Flexibility (Constricted vs. Flexible Control). Impulsivity/Reflectivity: Cognitive Tempo. Focal Attention (Scanning vs. Focusing). Category Width (Breadth of Categorizing). Cognitive Complexity/Simplicity. Automization (Strong vs. Weak Automatization). Part IV:Cognitive Styles.Section A:Cognitive Styles: Information Gathering. Visual/Haptic. Visualizer/Verbalizer. Leveling/Sharpening. Section B:Cognitive Styles: Information Organizing. Serialist/Holist. Conceptual Style (Analytical/Relational). Part V:Learning Styles. Hill's Cognitive Style Mapping. Kolb's Learning Styles. Dunn & Dunn Learning Styles. Grasha-Reichman Learning Styles. Gregorc Learning Styles. Part VI:Personality Types and Learning.Section A:Personality: Attentional and Engagement Styles. Anxiety. Tolerance for Unrealistic Experiences. Ambiguity Tolerance. Frustration Tolerance. Section B:Personality: Expectancy and Incentive Styles. Locus of Control. Extroversion and Introversion. Achievement Motivation. Risk Taking versus Cautiousness. Part VII:Prior Knowledge. Prior Knowledge and Achievement. Structural Knowledge.