Ireland 1798-1998

List of Plates vii

List of Maps ix

Acknowledgements x

List of Abbreviations xii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Ends of the Century 1

1.2 Modes and Frameworks of Interpretation 2

2 The Birth of Modern Irish Politics, 1790-8 6

2.1 The Origins of the Crisis 6

2.2 Constitutional Radicalism to Revolution, 1791-8 9

3 Disuniting Kingdoms, Emancipating Catholics, 1799-1850 21

3.1 The Union, 1799-1801 21

3.2 The Catholic Question, 1799-1829 25

3.3 Justice for Ireland, 1830-41 33

3.4 Utilitarians and Romantics, 1841-8 42

3.5 The Orange Party, 1798-1853 53

4 The Ascendancy of the Land Question, 1845-91 62

4.1 Guilty Men and the Great Famine 62

4.2 Pivot or Accelerator? 73

4.3 Brigadiers and Fenians 78

4.4 Home Rule: A First Definition 98

4.5 Idealists and Technicians: The Parnellite Party, 1880-6 105

4.6 A Union of Hearts and a Broken Marriage: Parnellism, 1886-91 119

5 Greening the Red, White and Blue: The End of the Union, 1891-1921 128

5.1 The Irish Parliamentary Party, 1891-1914 128

5.2 Paths to the Post Office: Alternatives to the Irish Parliamentary Party, 1891-1914 153

5.3 The Parliamentarians and their Enemies, 1914-18 175

5.4 Making and Unmaking Unionism, 1853-1921 193

5.5 Other Men's Wounds: The Troubles, 1919-21 219

5.6 Trucileers, Staters and Irregulars 231

6 'Three Quarters of a Nation Once Again': Independent Ireland 247

6.1 Saorstát Éireann, 1922-32 247

6.2 Manifest Destiny: De Valera's Ireland, 1932-48 258

6.3 Towards a Redefinition of the National Ideal, 1948-58 276

6.4 The Age of Lemass, 1957-73 285

7 Northern Ireland, 1920-72: Specials, Peelers and Provos 300

8 The Two Irelands, 1973-98 338

8.1 The Republic, 1973-98 338

8.2 Northern Ireland, 1973-98 354

9 Epilogue: Ireland in the New Millennium, 1998-2024 372

9.1 The Republic, 1998-2024 372

9.2 Northern Ireland, 1998-2024 383

9.3 An End of Irish History? 400

Notes 403

Chronology 429

Maps 457

Select Bibliography and Further Reading 469

Index 498