The Placenta

Placental development with histological aspects.- Immunology of the fetomaternal border.- Placental morphology.- Placental morphology.- Histopathology of the placenta for gynaecologists.- Biobanking.- Placental function - Nutrient transport - Gas exchange.- Placental endocrinology.- Teratology.- The effects of licit and illicit drugs on placental function.- Placental hemorrhage: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management.- The abnormally invasive placenta (AIP).- Placenta praevia.- Umbilical cord insertion, variations and vasa praevia.- Premature placental abruption.- Primary and secondary tumors of the umbilical cord and placenta.- Placental Imaging.- Sonographic assessment of the placenta in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and US/MRI morphology of the placenta.- Doppler sonography/diagnosis of function.- Disruption of early pregnancy and abortions.- Early pregnancy and its disruption.- Habitual abortions.- Placental insufficiency/placenta associated diseases.- Placental disorders: Pathophysiology.- IUGR: diagnosis and management.- Pre-eclampsia: diagnosis and management.- The placenta in twins.- Fetal programming.- Fetal cells and cell-free nucleic acids in maternal blood: genetic and immunological aspects.- Research aspects and in vitro models.- Maternal disease affecting the placenta - Diabetes mellitus.