The Restless Cell

Name: The Restless Cell | Continuum Theories of Living Matter
Brand: Princeton University Press
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Continuum Theories of Living Matter

Christina Hueschen Rob Phillips(Autor*in)

Princeton University Press

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 20. August 2024

440 Seiten

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978-0-691-23637-7 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Cover
Contents
Preface
Part I: The Field Theory Revolution
1. How Can We Understand Living Matter?
1.1 The Vital Challenge of LivingMatter
1.2 The ActiveMatter Landscape
2. The Power of the Field
2.1 Origins of the Field Concept
2.2 A Mathematical Partner to the Field Concept: The Infinity Principle
2.3 Turning Materials into Fields
2.4 Biological Fields and Defects
3. How to Build a Field Theory: The Example of Diffusion
3.1 What Is a Continuum Theory?
3.2 Defining Flux Vectors
3.3 Mass Flux and Conservation of Mass
3.4 The Theory of Diffusion as a Paradigm in the Field Theory of Matter
4. Using Field Theory: Adventures in Diffusion
4.1 What Do We Do with Field Equations Once We Have Them?
4.2 The All-Important Solution for a Point Source
4.3 Mass Conservation and Diffusion in Three Dimensions
4.4 Solving Field Equations for Unreal Biological Shapes: Cubes, Cylinders, and Spheres
4.5 Solving Field Equations for Real Biological Shapes: Beyond Cubes, Cylinders, and Spheres
Part II: The Classical Field Theories of Matter
5. Continuum Theory of Heat Flow
5.1 A Field Theory for Transfer of Heat
5.2 Two for the Price of One: Fourier's Law and Heat Transfer
5.3 Cooking and Cooling
5.4 The Heat Equation and Dissipation in Living Cells
5.5 The Cooling of the Earth and the Theory of Evolution
6. Adding Reaction to Diffusion
6.1 The Idea of Positional Information and Body Plans
6.2 Biological Nonconservation
6.3 Expanding the Field Theory Palette: Reaction-Diffusion Equations
6.4 Closing the Loop:Measuring Morphogens
6.5 Tackling Morphogen Dynamics
6.6 The Turing Mechanism and Spatial Patterning
6.7 Turing's Numbers: From Bits to Digits
7. Mathematics of Fields: From Notation to Calculation
7.1 Beyond Scalar Fields
7.2 New Ways of Writing Scalars, Vectors, and Tensors: Indicial Notation
7.3 Einstein's Labor-Saving and Intuition-Driving Notational Move
7.4 Multiplying Vectors and Tensors
7.5 Calculus with Fields: The Gradient, Divergence, and Laplacian Operators
7.6 Calculus on Fields Foreshadowed: Putting the Mathematics of Fields in Action
8. Accounting for Forces and Momentum
8.1 Force Is Tricky!
8.2 Conservation of Linear Momentum
8.3 The Stress Tensor: A First Look
8.4 ContinuumTheory of Force Balance
8.5 The Key Governing Equation of Continuum Mechanics
8.6 Measuring Stress
9. Continuum Theory of Elastic Matter
9.1 The Springiness of Matter: Elasticity Revealed
9.2 Matter Is Tensorial: The Strain Tensor
9.3 The Theory of Linear Elasticity
9.4 From Point Forces to Any Forces: One Solution to Rule Them All
10. Continuum Theory of Fluid Matter
10.1 On the Friction of Fluids
10.2 Conservation of Mass All Over Again
10.3 Matter Is Tensorial: The Rate of Deformation Tensor
10.4 The Theory of a Newtonian Fluid
10.5 Different Limits of the Navier-Stokes Equations
10.6 A 250-Year-Long Case Study: Cytoplasmic Streaming in Chara
10.7 Pipe Flow in Urinating Animals
11. Putting Elasticity and Viscosity Together: Viscoelasticity
11.1 Damping Out Springiness: The Physics of Unaccounted-For Degrees of Freedom
11.2 A Toy Model of Springiness Coupled to Viscous Dissipation
11.3 Viscoelasticity: Experimental Protocols and Fundamental Models
11.4 Cell Junctions as Viscoelastic Objects
11.5 Measuring Stress: Springs in Unexpected Places
Part III: The Restless and Tangled Fields of Biology
12. The Secret of Life: Escaping Equilibrium
12.1 What Makes Living Materials So Different?
12.2 Entropy and Nonequilibrium Steady States
12.3 Who Pays? A Hierarchy of Biological Batteries
13. Making Flux Active: Motors, Pumps, and Enzymes
13.1 On Being Active
13.2 Adding Activity into the Continuum Theory Protocol: Motors on Microtubules
13.3 Pumping Sugars across a Membrane against a Concentration Difference
13.4 Active Fluxes in Chemical Cycles: Harnessing ATP for Phosphorylation-Dephosphorylation
14. Making Stress Active: Flows from Molecules to Tissues
14.1 Flow and Polarity Establishment in C. elegans Embryos
14.2 Constructing a Thin-Film Active Fluid Theory for Developing Embryos
14.3 Cortical Flows and Gastrulation in the Red Flour Beetle
15. Field Theory by Symmetry: Flocks, Herds, and Schools
15.1 Active Matter Goes Big: Collective Motions of Animals
15.2 A Minimal Toner-Tu Theory of Flocking and Herding
15.3 The Toner-Tu Flocking Theory by Symmetry
15.4 Toner-Tu Goes Dimensionless: Gaining Intuition
15.5 Scenes from The Lion King: Solving the Toner-Tu Equations in the Plane
16. Minimization by Competition: Gut Folding as a Problem in Living Elasticity
16.1 Buckling and Biological Form
16.2 The Mechanics of Beam Bending and Sheet Stretching
16.3 Gut Folding as an Elastic Energy Competition
17. Simplification through Superposition: Tissue Flows during Gastrulation
17.1 Gastrulation in Embryogenesis
17.2 Hydrodynamics of Gastrulation in Drosophila
17.3 Stokes Equations and One Solution to Rule Them All: The Stokeslet
18. Statistical Description of Structure: Organizing the Cytoskeleton
18.1 Entangled Fields as a Route to Self-Organization
18.2 Correlation Functions and Order Parameters
18.3 Self-Organization in Chara
18.4 Coupling Flow and Orientation
18.5 Using Active Matter Theory to Explore Self-Organization
19. Order and Singularities in Fields: Cell Alignment and Nematic Dynamics
19.1 Two-Dimensional Nematic Collectives
19.2 Hydrodynamic Theory of Tissues: Nematohydrodynamics
19.3 Topological Defects in Active Nematics
20. Onward
20.1 The Sea Lion Green Function
20.2 Active Matter and the Frontiers of Physics and Biology
20.3 Wonder and Opportunity
Index

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