HTML & CSS: The Good Parts

Name: HTML & CSS: The Good Parts | Better Ways to Build Websites That Work
Brand: O'Reilly
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Better Ways to Build Websites That Work

Ben Henick(Autor*in)

O'Reilly (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 18. Februar 2010

352 Seiten

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978-1-4493-8915-4 (ISBN)

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Beschreibung

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Inhalt

Intro
Table of Contents
Preface
The Who and What of This Book
What Are the Good Parts?
What You Should Know Before You Read This Book
The Ideal Reader
A Warning About Familiarity (or Lack Thereof)
Objectives of This Book
What Is Not In This Book
About Web Standards
About Photoshop
What You'll Find on the Companion Website
Nomenclature
"Read the Source, Luke!"
Conventions Used in This Book
Using Code Examples
Safari® Books Online
How to Contact O'Reilly
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Hypertext at the Core
The Web Without Links
URIs
Managing Links
Improving the User Experience with Linking
Hypertext Implementation Challenges
Chapter 2. Working with HTML Markup
HTML Syntax
Tags, Elements, and Attributes
Page Structure
Rendering Modes, Flavors of HTML, and Document Type Declarations
HTML or XHTML?
Strict, Transitional, or Frameset?
A Tale of Two Box Models
Choosing the Right Document Type for Your Project
Beautiful Parts: Universal Attributes
Providing Stylesheet Hooks with class and id
Describing Content with title and lang
The contenteditable Attribute in HTML5
Separating Content, Structure, Presentation, and Behavior
Making Your Sites "Safe As Houses"
Separation in Practice
Working with Document Trees
Browsers, Parsing, and Rendering
Dynamic HTML, Ajax, and Rendering
Chapter 3. CSS Overview
Connecting Stylesheets to HTML Documents
Referencing a Stylesheet with link
Targeting Internet Explorer Versions with Conditional Comments
Replacing link with style
Using @import
Beware of style Attributes!
Targeting Rules to Specific Media
Choosing the Elements You Want to Style: Writing Selectors
Parents, Children, and Siblings: Element/Node Relationships
Simple Selectors
Multiple and Descendant Selectors
Selecting Direct Child Elements
Rule Conflicts, Priority, and Precedence
Selector Priority
Avoiding Rule Conflicts
Value Inheritance
CSS Property and Value Survey
CSS Units
Cross-Media Length and Size Units
Pitch and the Value of a Pixel
Print-Friendly Length Units
font-size Keywords
Color Units
Key CSS Layout Properties
Chapter 4. Developing a Healthy Relationship with Standards
The Broad Landscape of Web-Related Standards
Why Web Standards?
Interoperability
Market Forces
Forward Compatibility
Accessibility
Vendor Priorities
Legacy Asset Inertia
Best Practices (and Lack Thereof)
Strict Constructionism
Taking the Middle Road: Standards-Friendliness
Benefits of Standards-Friendliness
Rules of Standards-Friendly Development
Chapter 5. Effective Style and Structure
The Four Habits of Effective Stylists
Habit #1: Keeping It Simple
Simplicity and huge sites
Habit #2: Keeping It Flexible
Flexibility, internal libraries, and code reuse
Habit #3: Keeping to Consistency
Managing templates to achieve consistency
Habit #4: Keeping Your Bearings
Product documentation as an effective "compass"
CSS Zen and the Stylist's Experience
The Functional Principles of CSS Zen
Information Architecture and Web Usability
Multidimensionality
Navigation: Orientation and Wayfinding
Visit Strategies
Guideposts for Creating Usable Interfaces
Disabling links to the current document
Predicting Visitor Behavior with Scenarios and User Testing
Taxonomy and Nomenclature
Applying Taxonomy Through the Cascade
New Structural Elements (HTML5)
Chapter 6. Solving the Puzzle of CSS Layout
The CSS Box Model and Element Size Control
Quirks Mode and Strict Mode
auto Values
The overflow Property
Limiting But Not Fixing Element Dimensions
Handling the Unpredictable
Margins, Borders, and Padding
Negative Margins
Collapsed Margins
Borders
Padding
The Box Behavior of the Document Root Elements
Box Property Dimensions and the % Value
Element Flow
Inline Elements
Block Elements
Inline-Block Elements
Using the display Property to Change an Element's Flow
The display Property
The float and clear Properties
The Rules of the float Property
Canceling float Values with Corresponding clear Values
float Context
Implementing Multicolumn Layouts
Converting the Two-Column Layout from Markup Tables to CSS
How the Two-Column Styles Work
Benefits of Confining Layout Specifications to Stylesheets
Moving from Two Columns to Three
Dealing with More Than Three Columns
Semantically Empty Containers for Multicolumn Layouts
Advanced Layout in CSS3
CSS Positioning Properties
How Positioning Works
Bounding Positioned Elements
The visibility and z-index Properties
Altering Visibility Without Affecting Document Flow
Stacking
Obtaining Precise Navigation Source Order and Layout
Orienting the List
Forcing the Navigation List into the Desired Coordinates
Layout Types and Canvas Grids
Fixed, Proportional, and Flexible Layouts
Defining Grids
The Rule of Thirds, the Golden Ratio, and the Fibonacci Sequence
Implementing a Flexible Page Grid
Chapter 7. Working with Lists
Ordered and Unordered Lists
User Agent Default Styles for Ordered and Unordered Lists
Creating Valid Ordered and Unordered Lists
The list-style-type Property and the type Attribute
The nav Element (HTML5)
Accessibility and usability concerns
Enabling user agents to present navigation through alternate means
Changing the Range of an Ordered List
Greater Wavelengths
Shorter Wavelengths
Other Uses for Lists
Outlines
Inline Serial Lists
Altering the Layout of Footer Links
Bullets in Backgrounds?
Styling Navigation Elements
Placing the Primary Site Navigation Within the Source Order
The Primary Navigation Layout Recipe
The Footer Navigation Recipe
Definition Lists
Styling Definition Lists
Dictionary Example
Dialogue Example
Chapter 8. Headings, Hyperlinks, Inline Elements, and Quotations
Headings and Good Writing
Headings in Print
Optimal Heading Insertion
Styling Heading Elements
Heading Sizes and Type Treatments
Normalizing Heading Dimensions
Heading Accents
Link Markup
Link Attributes
Virtuous Use of the href Attribute
Linking to Specific Passages Within Documents
Creating Effective Link Content and title Values
Styling Links
Link Pseudoclasses
Using display: block to Increase the Footprint of a Link
The text-decoration Property
The cursor Property
Adding Semantic Value with Inline Elements
Quotations
Chapter 9. Colors and Backgrounds
Color Theory and Web Color Practice
Usability, Accessibility, and Color
The Additive Color Model
The HSB Color Model
The Subtractive Color Model
Design, Contrast, and Complements
Identifying Colors, in Brief
Display Environments and the Web-Safe Palette
Creating Your Own Palettes
CSS Backgrounds
Setting background-position Values
The CSS background Shorthand Property
Composing Background Images
"Faux Columns"
Tiled Background Textures and Patterns
Large Background Textures and Nonrepeating Devices
Drop Shadows, Gel Effects, and Rounded Corners
Bitmapped Copy and Fahrner Image Replacement
The FIR Stylesheet Rules
Drawbacks of FIR
Reducing Server Load with Sprites
Chapter 10. (Data) Tables
The Disadvantages of Layout Tables
Source Order: Square Peg, Round Hole
CSS Zen Becomes a Myth
Template Slavery Is Unavoidable
Positioning Is Rendered Useless
The Parts of a Data Table
Example: The Full Smash of Table Markup
Composing Cells
Table and Data Composition
Table Headers, Footers, and Heading Cells
Attribute and Child Selectors
Reducing Header and Footer Contrast
Adding Rollover Accents to a Table
Chapter 11. Images and Multimedia
Replaced Elements
Preparing Images for Production
The alt Attribute Explained
Image Dimensions and Borders
Image Production
Cropping
Matting: Creating a Virtual "Frame"
Resampling: Altering the Absolute Size of an Image
Level Changes: Optimizing the Contrast of Photographs
Applying Multiple Adjustments
Working with Color Profiles
Image Optimization
Choosing the Right Image Format
Finding the Happy Medium Between Size and Quality
Publishing Images
Keeping Images Organized
Image Publishing and Management in a CMS
Image Publication Etiquette
Styling Images and Plug-in Content
Composing Image Layout Within a Column
Captioning Images
Working with Previews (Thumbnail Images) in a Gallery or Slideshow Setting
Lightbox: Previews, Galleries, and Slideshows
SlideShowPro
Adding Motion and Sound: Using SWFObject to Insert Flash Videos and Presentations
Inserting Unwrapped Multimedia
A Tale of Three Companies
Enter Flash
Using Bare Markup to Publish Multimedia Content
A Caveat of Plug-in Content Styling
Sidestepping Plug-ins with the HTTP Content-Disposition Header Field
Keeping an Open Mind
The video and audio Elements (HTML5)
Embedding a video
Supporting alternative video formats
Providing video content for browsers that don't support the video element
The canvas Element (HTML5)
The CanvasRenderingContext2D API
SVG as an alternative to canvas
Chapter 12. Web Typography
A Brief History of Letterforms
Origins of Modern Western Letterforms
Gutenberg's Press and the Art of Typography
The Emergence of Digital Typesetting
Different Limitations Without Changed Expectations
A Visual Glossary of Typography
Aliasing and Anti-Aliasing
Type Styles, Readability, and Legibility
Styling for Readability
Styling for Legibility
"The Fold" and Tiny Type
Sizing Type
Choosing the Right Units for Sizing Type
Em/Percentage Size Telescoping
Size Keywords
Working with Typefaces and Fonts
The Challenge of Limited Choices
Applying Type Choices: the font-family Property
Finding Canonical Typeface Names
Accessing System Default Type with the font Property
Character Encoding in Brief
What Is Character Encoding?
ASCII, ISO 8859-1, Unicode, and UTF-8
Choosing an Encoding Scheme
Inserting Entities to Provide Non-ASCII Characters
Creating Balanced Type Treatments
Predictability, Preference, and Panic
Assessing Content Scope
Distinguishing Type: Face, Size, Weight, Style, Color
Setting Type Around Blowouts
Styling Passages of Similar Priority
Enter Type Treatments
Typographical Miscellany in CSS
The line-height Property
The font-variant and text-transform Properties
The letter-spacing and word-spacing Properties
The white-space Property
The Practice of Good Web Typography
Chapter 13. Clean and Accessible Forms
Building Effective Forms
Web Applications, User Perspective, and Design Choices
Organizing User Interfaces by Function
Ten Rules for Effective Web Forms and Applications
Assessment and Structure
Establishing Requirements
Markup and Structure
Basic Form Structure, Presentation, and Behavior
Form-Originated get Requests
The post Method and File Uploads
Manipulating the Size and Appearance of Individual Controls
Prototyping and Layout
Prototyping 101
Design Patterns, Style Resets, and Form Layout
Grouping Controls by Appearance
Required Fields and Other Submission Constraints
Identifying Required Fields
Discovering and Identifying User Input Errors
The disabled and readonly Attributes
Creating Accessible Forms
Implementing Forms for Accessibility
Supporting Keyboard Navigation of Forms
Form Features in HTML5
New Input Types
The required Attribute
Chapter 14. The Bad Parts
The Numbing Nature of Internet Explorer (Especially IE 6)
Browser Wars 2.0
Absent or Poor Selector Support
hasLayout
Margin Doubling
expression() Values
ActiveX Filters and Transitions
PNG Support (or Lack Thereof)
Poor Property Support
Issues with XHTML and XML
Systemic Ugliness
Template Fragility and Third-Party Content
Markup Validation As a Prerequisite to Proper Style Implementation
"Best Viewed with"
Graded Support
embed Versus object
Form Controls, Plug-in Instances, and Element Stacking
Invalid Markup for Stupid Reasons
HTML's Bad Neighborhoods and Cul-de-Sacs
Frames
The strike Element
The name Attribute
The noscript and noframes Elements
Semantic Contortions and the Limited Vocabulary of HTML
Inline Presentation Elements
Manipulating Vertical Space: hr and br
The pre Element Versus the white-space Property
CSS Travesties
@-Rules
Computed Values and Rounding Differences
Vendor-Specific -moz and -webkit Property Prefixes
The inherit Value
Hiding Stuff: z-index and clip
Counters
Element Flow Rules
Unicode Code Position Values and the content Property
The Awful Parts
The marquee and blink Elements
MSIE User Interface Properties
The align Attribute
The style Attribute
div-itis
Event Handler Attributes
Gratuitous Underlining
The http-equiv Attribute
Picking Up the Pieces
Appendix. URIs, Client-Server Architecture, and HTTP
The Underlying Client-Server Architecture
What Every Web Developer Should Know About HTTP
MIME Types, in Brief
Controlling Request Volume
Glossary
Index

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