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A practical guide to positioning patients for successful X-ray projections
Fundamentals of Radiographic Positioning and Anatomy offers student radiographers a user-friendly guide to all the most common X-ray examinations and the correct patient positioning for each projection. The result is an indispensable handbook that promises more practical value and usability than any current textbook on the market.
Fundamentals of Radiographic Positioning and Anatomy readers will also find:
Fundamentals of Radiographic Positioning and Anatomy is ideal for students and educators in diagnostic radiography, as well as recently qualified radiographers looking for a handbook-sized reference.
Jane M. Harvey-Lloyd, PhD, MSC, DCR(R), SFHEA, PGCE, DLC, CTC, RPS, is Associate Professor in Diagnostic Radiography and Deputy Head of Specialist Science Education Department (SSED) in the Faculty of Medicine and Health at the University of Leeds.
Ruth M. Strudwick, DProf, MSc, BSc (Hons), CTCert, PGCE, SFHEA, FCR, is Professor in Diagnostic Radiography, Head of Allied Health Professions, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Suffolk.
Scott J. Preston, PgCert, BSc (Hons), is a Staff Tutor in Health and Social Care in the Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies at The Open University and Diagnostic Radiographer.
This chapter will describe radiographic terminology in the following sections.
Diagnostic radiography uses a system of rules to describe the body and its movements. It is important to develop a good understanding of the terminology to be able to describe and understand the range of radiographic techniques outlined throughout this book. This terminology provides a clear and consistent approach to describing the location of anatomical structures and is used by a range of healthcare professionals. The use of this shared language enables clinicians and radiographers to communicate effectively in order to obtain the necessary diagnostic images.
The basic terminology descriptions refer to the standard reference position/orientation of the human body. This is known as the anatomical position.
FIGURE 1.1 The anatomical position.
Using the anatomical position as the standard reference, the patient aspect can be described in the following terms.
FIGURE 1.2 Anterior aspect.
FIGURE 1.3 Posterior aspect.
FIGURE 1.4 Lateral aspect.
There are three planes of the body which are regularly used to describe the position of a patient in both projection and cross-sectional imaging.
FIGURE 1.5 Anatomical body planes.
Skull, facial bone and dental radiography is undertaken with reference to recognised imaginary lines and planes of the skull. These assist radiographers (and others) when describing an area of interest or in positioning.
FIGURE 1.6 Anatomical positioning lines of the skull and face.
FIGURE 1.7 Planes of the skull.
The following terms are used to describe how the patient is positioned for a range of radiographic examinations/projections.
FIGURE 1.8 Supine.
FIGURE 1.9 Prone.
FIGURE 1.10 Lateral decubitus (left).
All these positions can be described more precisely by using a reference to the body planes, which ensures that the patient is accurately positioned, e.g. the patient is lying supine on the bed with the median sagittal plane at 90° to the image receptor (IR).
There are also some terms which are used to describe the anatomical position of the limbs which are explained in the Glossary of Terms at the end of this chapter.
A radiographic projection is described by the direction of the central ray in relation to the anatomical position and planes of the body.
FIGURE 1.11 AP projection of the left knee.
FIGURE 1.12 PA projection of the chest.
FIGURE 1.13 Lateral projection of the foot (right).
Additional projection terminology, e.g. oblique, can be found in the Glossary of Terms.
To accurately describe a radiographic projection, the following should always be included.
In all the chapters, you will find that each radiographic projection has been described using this systematic approach.
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