Nanotoxicology in Nanobiomedicine

Introduction.- Terminology.- nano.- polymer nanoparticles.- Nonpolymer nanoparticles.- Nanodevices.- Hybrid materials.- Nanocomposite.- Biomedical.- Further Reading.- Historical Development and Future Trends.- introduction.- Early Period.- Premodern period.- Middle Ages.- Modern Nanotechnology.- Regulations.-Scientific Trends.- Future Trends.-Small Systems Big Applications.- Smart Pills.- Beating the Big C.- Further Reading.- Sources and Classifications.- Introduction.- Properties.- Nanomaterials and Bulk Materials.- Sources.- Naturally produced.- Incidental.- Engineered Nanomaterials.-Classifications.- Natural NPs/NMs.- Incidental NPs.- Synthetic (Engineered) Nanomaterials (NMS).- Dimensions Based Nanomaterials.- Nanoparticles.- Nanoclays.- nanoemulsions.- Further Reading.- Synthesis, Detection and Characterization.- Introduction.- Production Approaches.- Synthesis.- Physical Methods.- Chemical Methods.- Biological Approach.- magnetic nps.- Hybrid nanomaterials.- nanocomposites.-Detection.- Characterization and isolation.- Direct Techniques.- indirect Techniques.- Key Issues in Fabrication.- Further Reading.- Mechanisms of Nanotoxicty.- introduction.- Entry Sites and Uptake.- Elimination.- Phagocytosis.- Macropinocytosis.- Other Entry Mechanisms.- Intracellular Trafficking.- Trojan Horse Mechanism.- Cellular Exocytosis.- Cellular Dysfunction.- Inorganic Nanomaterial Toxicity.- Cell Deaths.- Further Readings.- Applications-. Introduction.- Nanoparticle-Based Technologies-. Agriculture.- Energy and Environment.- Materials Science and Engineering.- Materials Science and Engineering.- Health and Medicine.- Hybrid Nanomaterials.- Nanocomposites.- Further Reading.- Nano Based Drug Delivery Systems.- Introduction.- Overview in Biomedical Science.- properties of NP Drug Delivery.- Factors influencing Drug Laden Nanocarriers.- pH Specificity.- Temperature Specificity.- Temperature Specificity.- Advantages of Delivery Vehicles.- Nanocarriers.- Passive Targeting.- Active Targeting.- Uses and Applications.- Delivery Vehicles.- Organic Nanomaterials.-Poly-alkyl-cyano-acrylates (PAC).- Artificial DNA Nanostructures.- Nanocomposites.- Hybrid nanoparticles.- Further Reading.-Tissue Engineering in Dentistry.- Introduction.- Materials for Dental Applications.- Structure and Periodontal Tissue.- Factors Affecting Bone Tissue Regeneration.- Periodontal Diseases.- Tissue Engineering.- Procedure.- Assembly Methods.- Bone Tissue Engineering.- Stem Cell Sources.- Signaling Molecules.- Scaffold/Matrices.- Bioactive Glasses.- Metal-Based materials.- Polymers.- Composites.- Scaffoldfree Techniques.- Biocompatibility.- Drug or Signaling Molecules Delivery.- Future Prospectives.- Further Reading.- Nanobiosensors.- Introduction.- Variations and Types.- Nanoparticle Based Sensors.- Nanotube Based Sensors.- Nanowire Based Sensors.- Components of a typical Biosensors.- Selection and Optimization.- .- Applications.- Cancer.- Detection of diabetes.- Immunoassay (detection of Ab-Ag reaction).- Detection of pathogenic bacteria.- Future Prospects.- Further Reading.- Health and Medicine.- Introduction.- Keywords.- Nanostructures.- Polymers or Organic NPs.- Nonpoymers or Inorganic Nanoparticles.- Health and Medicine.- Neurodegenerative Disorders.- Tuberculosis.- Ophthalmology.- Respiratory diseases.- Surgery.- Toxicity.- Conclusion.- Further Reading Multiple Choice Questions.