Energy Law in Venezuela

Name: Energy Law in Venezuela
Brand: Kluwer Law International
Price: 85.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Henry Jiménez Guanipa(Autor*in)

Kluwer Law International (Verlag)

Erschienen am 8. Februar 2019

264 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Title Page
Copyright Page
The Author
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations
General Introduction
Chapter 1. General Background
§1. POLITICAL SYSTEM
§2. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
§3. GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION
Chapter 2. Basic Principles of Energy Law
§1. EVOLUTION
§2. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
§3. CONCEPTUALIZATION
Chapter 3. Historical Background of the Energy Law
§1. PROPERTY RIGHTS SYSTEM
I. Accession System
II. Res Nullius System
A. Occupancy System
B. Regalian System
C. Domanial System
§2. SYSTEM ADOPTED IN VENEZUELA
I. Conceptualization of the Republic, State and Nation
A. The Notion of Republic in the Decree on the Mines of 1829
B. The Nation as Holder of the Property Rights
II. Erroneous Attribution of Property Rights to the Republic
§3. REGULATION IN LATIN AMERICA
Chapter 4. Role of Government Institutions in the Shaping and Administration of Energy Law and Policy: Competence Regime
§1. CONSTITUTIONAL REGIME
§2. MUNICIPAL REGIME
§3. COMMUNAL STATE REGIME
Chapter 5. Sources of Energy Law
§1. ENERGY LAW AT THE APEX OF THE CONSTITUTION
§2. TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
§3. LEGISLATION CONCERNING ELECTRICITY
§4. LEGISLATION CONCERNING PETROL
§5. LEGISLATION CONCERNING GAS
§6. LEGISLATION CONCERNING COAL
§7. LEGISLATION CONCERNING ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 6. Global Energy Security: Role of Venezuela
Chapter 7. The Venezuelan Energy Law and Regional Integration
§1. CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
I. Under the 1961 Constitution
II. Under the 1999 Constitution
§2. ENERGY INTEGRATION IN SOUTH AMERICA
I. The Andean Community of Nations
II. Southern Common Market
§3. PROJECTS PROMOTED BY VENEZUELA
I. Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America
II. Union of South American Nations
Part I. Regulatory Framework Concerning Electricity
Chapter 1. General Introduction
§1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK UNTIL 2001
§2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE LIBERALIZATION OF 2001
I. General Objectives
II. Free Competition in the Electricity Market
III. Legal Reserve for the State
IV. Electric Service as a Public Service
V. Access to Networks
VI. Separation of Legal and Accounting Activities
Chapter 2. Production
§1. SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION
§2. POWER GENERATION INFRASTRUCTURE
§3. INVESTMENTS TO INCREASE THERMAL GENERATION: A QUESTIONABLE DECISION
Chapter 3. Exploitation
§1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE NATIONALIZATION FROM 2007
§2. NATIONALIZATION: PRIVATIZATION TO NATIONALIZATION
§3. CENTRALIZATION OF THE ELECTRICITY NATIONAL SYSTEM
§4. THE SOCIALIST MANAGEMENT MODEL
I. Universal Access
II. Reserve (Monopoly) on the Electricity Sector
III. Socialist Management Model
Chapter 4. Transmission
Chapter 5. Distribution
Chapter 6. Consumption
§1. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SUPPLY AND DEMAND
§2. CRISIS ON CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND: MEASURES
Part II. Regulatory Framework Concerning Petrol
Chapter 1. General Introduction
§1. THE BEGINNING OF OIL EXPLOITATION: THE FIRST STEPS
§2. TRANSNATIONAL OIL COMPANIES IN VENEZUELA
§3. INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT: KEY FACTORS
I. Role of the Workers
II. Expropriation of the Mexican Oil Industry
III. World War II
§4. STABILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE OIL INDUSTRY
§5. PROGRESSIVE NATIONALIZATION (19611975)
I. State Control over the Natural Gas Industry
II. State Control over the Domestic Market
III. Nationalization of the Hydrocarbons Industry
IV. Nationalization Process Assessment
§6. PROGRESSIVE OIL OPENING: (19891999)
I. Justification
II. Instruments and Mechanisms
III. Trial and Arguments Against the Oil Opening
A. Assignment of General Rights
B. Violation of the Principles of Specificity and Lex Superior
C. The Government's Loss of Control over the Agreements
D. One-Sided Clause Against the Investor
E. Violation of the Legal Reserve in Tax Matters
F. Violation of the Jurisdictional Sovereignty
G. Illegality in Applying the Royalty System
§7. ASSESSMENT OF THE OIL OPENING
Chapter 2. Production
§1. OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT REPORTS
§2. REPORTS FROM INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES
§3. NEW CONCEPTION OF THE NATIONAL OIL INDUSTRY
§4. OIL PRODUCTION TO UNCONVENTIONAL NEW BUSINESS
I. Chinese Fund
II. Petrocaribe
§5. REFINING SECTOR
I. Private Participation
II. Objectives
III. Permits
IV. Existing Infrastructure
Chapter 3. Exploitation
§1. ACTIVITIES RESERVED TO THE STATE
§2. END OF THE NATIONALIZATION
§3. CONTRACTUAL MODALITIES
I. Operating Agreements
II. Association Agreements
A. Strategic Associations for Integrated Projects
B. Agreements under the Profit-Sharing Scheme
III. Joint Ventures
A. Termination of Operating and AA
B. JVs under the LOH
§4. LEGISLATION FOR NON-TRADITIONAL PLAYERS: A MILITARY OIL COMPANY
I. Object
II. Justification
III. Illegalities in the Creation of CAMIMPEG
A. In the Area of Competences
B. Violation of the Principles and Values of Public Administration
C. Abuse of Dominant Position and Overlapping of Functions: Judge and Interested Party
D. The Possibility of Tax Evasion
§5. ELIMINATION OF LEGISLATIVE CONTROL OVER JVS
§6. FROM THE NATIONALIZATION OF RELATED ACTIVITIES, TO THE ADMINISTRATIVE MILITARIZATION OF PDVSA
I. Participation of Private Companies in Related Activities
II. Taking Possession of the Assets and Operations
III. Expropriations
IV. Measures to Ensure Operations and Absorption of Workers
V. Effects of the Nationalization
§7. TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE REVERSAL OF THE NATIONALIZATION AND PRIVATIZATION OF RELATED ACTIVITIES, THROUGH A NEW DECREE, 2018
I. Back to the Privatization of Related Activities
II. Decree Violates Legal Framework on Hydrocarbons and Opens the Path to Eliminate PDVSA
III. Basis 'Legal' of Decree
IV. The Decree Eliminated Tenders and Repealed the LREBSC
§8. SUMMARIZING
Chapter 4. Transport
§1. OIL TRANSPORT ACTIVITY RESERVED TO THE STATE
§2. PERMISSION TO TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES
§3. EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
Chapter 5. Distribution
§1. STATE CONTROL OVER THE DOMESTIC MARKET
§2. FACILITIES AND REGISTRY FOR DOMESTIC MARKET ACTIVITIES
§3. DOMESTIC MARKET PRESENT CONDITION: PROFIT MARGINS
§4. DOMESTIC MARKET FRAMEWORK SINCE 2008
§5. DISTRIBUTION AND TRADING
Chapter 6. Consumption
Part III. Regulatory Framework Concerning Gas
Chapter 1. General Introduction
Chapter 2. Production
§1. PRODUCTION OF NON-ASSOCIATED GAS TO OIL
§2. GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF THE CURRENT GAS LAW
§3. NATIONAL GAS COMPANY
§4. NATURAL GAS RESERVES AND PRODUCTION
I. Gas Reserves
II. Gas Production
Chapter 3. Exploitation
§1. UPSTREAM: LICENCES
§2. MIDSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM: PERMISSIONS
Chapter 4. Transport
§1. LICENCE FOR TRANSPORT
§2. REQUIREMENTS
Chapter 5. Distribution
Chapter 6. Consumption
Part IV. Regulatory Framework Concerning Coal
Chapter 1. General Introduction
§1. COAL MINES AS PROPERTY OF THE REPUBLIC
§2. DOMANIAL SYSTEM AND ROLE OF THE MINISTRY OF MINES
Chapter 2. Production
§1. COMMENCEMENT OF THE PRODUCTION AND THE RESERVES
§2. INTERNAL MARKET AND DESTINATION OF THE PRODUCTION
Chapter 3. Exploitation
§1. CONCESSION REGIME
§2. TEMPORALITY
§3. RIGHT OF THE LICENSEES
§4. MINING ASSOCIATIONS
§5. SUPERVISION AND SURVEILLANCE
§6. TERMINATION OF MINING RIGHTS
§7. TERM
Chapter 4. Transport
Chapter 5. Distribution
Chapter 6. Consumption
Part V. Interaction Between Energy Law and Environmental Law
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Legislation Relating to Environment
§1. LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS
§2. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
§3. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS OF 1961
§4. CONFERENCE ON THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
§5. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS OF 1999
§6. ORGANIC LAW ON THE ENVIRONMENT
§7. CRIMINAL LAW OF THE ENVIRONMENT
I. Objectives
II. Principle of Extraterritoriality
III. Criminal Liability of Natural Entities
IV. Criminal Liability of Legal Entities
V. Penalty Classification
Chapter 3. Electricity and Environment
Chapter 4. Hydrocarbon Sector and Environment
Chapter 5. Coal Sector and Environment
Part VI. Interaction Between Energy Law and Tax Law
Chapter 1. Hydrocarbons Taxes and Fees: Constitutional Basis
Chapter 2. Tax Regime for the Gaseous Hydrocarbons
§1. ROYALTIES
§2. TAXES
Chapter 3. Tax Regime for the Liquid Hydrocarbons
§1. ROYALTIES
§2. TAXES
I. Surface Tax
II. Tax on Fuel Consumption
III. General Consumption Tax
IV. Value Added Tax
V. Extraction Tax
VI. Export Registration Tax
VII. Income Tax
VIII. Tax on Dividends
§3. CONTRIBUTION FOR EXTRAORDINARY PRICES IN THE OIL MARKET
Chapter 4. Tax Regime for the Coal
§1. SURFACE AND EXPLOITATION TAX
§2. INCOME TAX
Part VII. Interaction Between Energy Law and Competition Law
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Competition Law in Gas Sector
§1. VERTICAL INTEGRATION PROHIBITION
§2. ACCESS TO GAS PIPELINES: USE AND GUARANTEE OF SUPPLY
§3. DENIAL AND REFUSAL TO GAS PIPELINES USAGE
§4. CONCLUSIONS
Selected Bibliography
BOOKS, JOURNALS AND PAPERS
Index

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