Contributors About the EditorsPreface
CHAPTER 1 Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZyme): An overviewParmeshwar Vitthal Gavande, Arun Goyal, and Carlos M.G.A. Fontes
1.1 Introduction1.1.1 Various carbohydrate polymers present in nature1.1.2 Natural source of polysaccharides1.1.3 Requirement for deconstruction of carbohydrates1.1.4 Carbohydrate-active enzymes1.1.5 Carbohydrate-active enzyme database (CAZy)1.1.6 Multienzyme complexes of CAZyme: The cellulosome1.1.7 Commercially available CAZyme libraries1.2 ConclusionReferences
CHAPTER 2 Glycoside hydrolases: Mechanisms, specificities, and engineeringAntoni Planas
2.1 Structures, functions, and classifications2.2 Glycosidase mechanisms for hydrolysis of glycans and glycoconjugates2.2.1 General mechanisms: Inverting vs. retaining2.2.2 Retaining glycosidases with enzyme nucleophile: Ring distortion and covalent intermediate2.2.3 Retaining glycosidases by substrate-assisted catalysis: Oxazoline/oxazolonium intermediate2.2.4 Retaining glycosidases by neighboring-group participation through a 1,2-epoxide intermediate2.2.5 Retaining glycosidases by an unusual NAD+-dependent mechanism2.2.6 Inverting glycosidases2.3 Protein engineering of glycosidases for improved and novel properties2.3.1 Thermostability2.3.2 Substrate specificity2.4 Glycosidases acting in reverse for glycosynthesis: Transglycosidases and glycosynthases 2.4.1 Transglycosidases2.4.2 Glycosynthases2.5 Concluding remarksReferences
CHAPTER 3 Endo-ß-1,4-glucanaseParmeshwar Vitthal Gavande and Arun Goyal
3.1 Introduction3.1.1 Cellulase3.1.2 Cellulase evolution and conservation in nature3.1.3 Endo-ß-1,4-glucanase3.1.4 Exoglucanase3.1.5 ß-glucosidase3.1.6 Cellulosome3.2 Endoglucanases belong to various GH families3.2.1 GH5 family3.2.2 GH6 family3.2.3 GH7 family3.2.4 GH8 family3.2.5 GH9 family3.2.6 GH12 family3.2.7 GH44 family3.2.8 GH45 family3.2.9 GH48 family3.3 Synergism of endo-ß-1,4-glucanase with exoglucanase and ß-glucosidase3.4 Endo-ß-1,4-glucanase-producing microorganisms3.4.1 Biochemical properties, kinetics, and catalytic efficiency of endoglucanases3.5 Structure of endo-ß-1,4-glucanases3.5.1 Mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis in endoglucanases3.6 Multifunctionality of endoglucanases3.6.1 Broad substrate specificity of various endoglucanases3.6.2 Significance of multifunctional endoglucanases3.7 Processivity of endoglucanases3.8 Applications of endoglucanases3.9 ConclusionAuthors' contributionReferences
CHAPTER 4 CellobiohydrolasesTulika Sinha, Kanika Sharma, and Syed Shams Yazdani
4.1 Introduction4.2 Structure and mode of action of cellobiohydrolases4.2.1 The catalytic domain (CD)4.2.2 The carbohydrate-binding module (CBM)4.2.3 The linker4.2.4 The dissociation mechanism of processive CBH14.3 Biochemical and biophysical properties of cellobiohydrolases4.3.1 pH and temperature4.3.2 Metal ions4.3.3 Surfactants4.4 Protein engineering and strain improvement for higher enzyme activity and productivity4.4.1 Enhanced activity4.4.2 Enhanced thermostability4.4.3 Enhanced performance in nonconventional media4.4.4 Engineering cellulase for pH stability4.5 Industrial applications of CBH4.5.1 Bioconversion4.5.2 Pulp and paper industry4.5.3 Food processing industry4.5.4 Textile industry4.5.5 Agriculture4.5.6 Animal feed4.5.7 Detergent industry4.6 Conclusion and future perspectiveReferences
CHAPTER 5 ß-Glucosidase: Structure, function and industrial applicationsSauratej Sengupta, Maithili Datta, and Supratim Datta
5.1 Introduction5.2 Classification 5.3 Structure5.4 Reaction mechanism5.4.1 Substrate recognition and specificity5.4.2 Glycone and aglycone specificity5.5 Function and distribution5.6 Characteristics5.6.1 Biophysical characteristics5.6.2 Biochemical characteristics5.6.3 Product inhibition and enhancement of activity in the presence of glucose 5.6.4 Substrate inhibition5.7 Industrial applications5.7.1 Biofuels5.7.2 Food industry5.7.
