Biocatalysis in Asymmetric Synthesis

List of contributors About the editors Preface 1. Introduction to asymmetric synthesis employing biocatalysts Andrés R. Alcántara and Gonzalo de Gonzalo1.1 Introduction 1.2 Type of enzymatic processes for generating asymmetry 1.3 Biocatalysts preparations 1.4 Novel-to-nature enzymatic processes 1.5 Enzymes in multicatalytic systems 1.6 Outlook References 2. Biocatalysis and Green Chemistry: assessing the greenness of enzymatic processes Andrés R. Alcántara and Pablo Domínguez de María2.1 Introduction 2.2 Green Chemistry metrics 2.3 Green Chemistry in biocatalysis for practitioners: defining the boundaries of a biocatalytic reaction 2.4 Conclusions References 3. Study of stereocontrol in enzymatic reactions using atomic models and computational methods Daniel Platero-Rochart and Pedro A. Sánchez-Murcia3.1 Introduction 3.2 Relevant features for stereocontrol in enzymes 3.3 Studying the stereocontrol in enzyme catalysis using atomic models 3.4 Some final considerations for a step-by-step protocol for simulation of enzyme activity References 4. Control of the activity and enantioselectivity in biocatalyzed procedures: immobilization, medium engineering, and protein engineering Zhongyao Tang, Fahmi Ihza Alghiffary and Tomoko Matsuda4.1 Introduction 4.2 Immobilization of enzymes 4.3 Medium engineering 4.4 Protein engineering 4.5 Conclusions and future perspectives References 5. Hydrolases and their application in asymmetric synthesis Georgina Sandoval5.1 Hydrolases 5.2 Low/nonaqueous solvents as media for asymmetric synthesis by hydrolases 5.3 Asymmetric synthesis catalyzed by key lipases 5.4 Proteases (peptidases) 5.5 Other hydrolases in asymmetric synthesis 5.6 Tools to discover and improve hydrolases 5.7 Conclusions References 6. Biocatalysis for the selective reduction of carbonyl groups Gonzalo de Gonzalo and Antonio Franconetti6.1 Introduction 6.2 Examples of the application of alcohol dehydrogenases in asymmetric synthesis 6.3 Dynamic processes catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenases 6.4 Alcohol dehydrogenases in deracemization protocols 6.5 Use of alcohol dehydrogenases in multienzymatic systems 6.6 Conclusions References 7. Synthesis of chiral amines employing imine reductases and reductive aminases Juan Mangas-Sánchez7.1 Introduction 7.2 Imine reductases: structural and mechanistic aspects 7.3 Cyclic imine reductions 7.4 Imine reductase/RedAm-mediated reductive aminations 7.5 Conclusions and perspectives References 8. Biocatalyzed CarbonCarbon bond formation in enantioselective synthesis Daniela Gamenara and Gustavo A. Seoane8.1 Introduction 8.2 Enzymatic aldol reactions. Enzymes involved. Classification 8.3 Synthetic applications 8.4 Perspectives and concluding remarks References 9. Synthesis of chiral compounds through biooxidations Caterina Martin, Hugo L. van Beek, Ivana Maric, Gonzalo de Gonzalo and Nikola Loncar ¿9.1 Introduction 9.2 Dehydrogenases 9.3 Oxidases 9.4 Peroxidases 9.5 Monooxygenases 9.6 Peroxygenases 9.7 Conclusion and perspectives References 10. Asymmetric biocatalysis in nonconventional media: neat conditions, eutectic solvents, and supercritical conditions Ningning Zhang and Selin Kara10.1 Introduction 10.2 Neat conditions 10.3 Eutectic solvents 10.4 Supercritical conditions 10.5 Summary and perspectives References 11. Multienzyme-catalyzed processes in asymmetric synthesis: state of the art and future trendsEduardo Macedo de Melo, Christiane Claassen, William Finnigan, Rodrigo O.M.A. de Souza and Dörte Rother11.1 Introduction11.2 Process design and optimization11.3 Recent developments and future trends11.4 Summary References12. Development of asymmetric biotransformations: flow biocatalysis, photobiocatalysis, and microwave biocatalysisLucia Tamborini, Francesco Molinari and Andrea Pinto12.1 Introduction12.2 Flow biocatalysis12.3 Photobiocatalysis12.4 Microwave biocatalysis12.5 ConclusionsReferences13. Industrial asymmetric biocatalysisRoland Wohlgemuth13.1 Introduction13.