Introduction: A "Hidden World" of Nonformal Expert Reasoning.- Analogies, Models, and Creative Learning in Experts and Students.- Major Processes Involved in Spontaneous Analogical Reasoning.- Methods Experts Use to Generate Analogies.- Methods Experts Use to Evaluate an Analogy Relation.- Expert Methods for Developing an Understanding of the Analogous Case and Applying Findings.- Case Study of Model Construction and Criticism in Expert Reasoning*.- Creativity and Scientific Insight in the Case Study for S2.- Spontaneous Analogies Generated by Students Solving Science Problems.- Case Study of a Student Who Counters and Improves His Own Misconception by Generating a Chain of Analogies.- Using Analogies and Models in Instruction to Deal with Students' Preconceptions*.- Advanced Uses of Imagery and Investigation Methods in Science and Mathematics.- Analogy, Extreme Cases, and Spatial Transformations in Mathematical Problem Solving by Experts.- Depictive Gestures and Other Case Study Evidence for Use of Imagery by Experts and Students.- Physical Intuition, Imagistic Simulation, and Implicit Knowledge.- The Use of Analogies, Imagery, and Thought Experiments in Both Qualitative and Mathematical Model Construction.- Thought Experiments and Imagistic Simulation in Plausible Reasoning.- A Punctuated Evolution Model of Investigation and Model Construction Processes.- Imagistic Processes in Analogical Reasoning: Transformations and Dual Simulations.- How Grounding in Runnable Schemas Contributes to Producing Flexible Scientific Models in Experts and Students.- Summary of Findings on Plausible Reasoning and Learning in Experts I: Basic Findings.- Summary of Findings on Plausible Reasoning and Learning in Experts II: Advanced Topics.- Creativity in Experts, Nonformal Reasoning,and Educational Applications.
