Environmental Law in Norway

Name: Environmental Law in Norway
Brand: Kluwer Law International
Price: 108.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Hans Christian Bugge(Autor*in)

Kluwer Law International (Verlag)

3. Auflage

Erschienen am 27. März 2018

380 Seiten

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978-90-411-9558-6 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
The Author
List of Abbreviations
General Introduction
Chapter 1. General Information
§1. Geography and Population
I. Geography
II. Population
§2. Legal and Political Structure
I. General
II. Decision-Making Power and Competencies
§3. Economic Characteristics
§4. Social and Cultural Characteristics
§5. Main Environmental Problems
Chapter 2. Basic Principles of Environmental Law
§1. Constitutional Provisions
I. The Articles on Retroactivity and Compensation for Taking
II. The Article on Environmental Protection
§2. Basic Objectives, Principles and Notions as Expressed in Legislation
§3. The Right to Environmental Information
I. Introduction
II. Act on Environmental Information
III. Other Relevant Legislations
§4. The General System of EIA
Chapter 3. Historical Background
§1. Early Roots: Environmental Law Before 1887
§2. 1887-1970
§3. 1970-1992
§4. Developments since 1992
Chapter 4. The Role of Government Institutions in the Shaping and Administration of Environmental Law and Policy
Chapter 5. Sources of Environmental Law
§1. International Law as a Source of National Environmental Law
§2. National Environmental Law Sources
Part I. Pollution Control
Chapter 1. General Legal Framework
§1. Overview
§2. The Pollution Control Act (PCA)
I. General Principles of the PCA
II. The Field of Application of the PCA
III. The General Duty to Avoid Pollution
IV. Polluting Activities Which Are Not Generally Prohibited
V. The Licence System for Polluting Activities
VI. Pollution Accidents
VII. General Rules on Monitoring, Inspection and Enforcement
§3. The Product Control Act
§4. The Public Health Act
§5. The Neighbour Act
§6. The Development of New Instruments for Pollution Control and Waste Management
Chapter 2. Air Pollution and Climate Change
§1. Introduction and Overview
§2. Local Air Pollution
I. Rules and Regulations Pursuant to the PCA
II. Regulations Concerning Mobile Sources, in Particular from Transport
III. Injunctions to Prevent or Reduce Local Pollution
§3. Regional Air Pollution
§4. Global Problems: The Ozone Layer and Global Warming
I. Measures to Protect the Ozone Layer
II. Climate Change
Chapter 3. Water and Marine Pollution
§1. Overview
§2. Water Pollution from Land-Based, Stationary Sources
I. The General System of Control of Water Pollution
II. The Discharge and Treatment of Wastewater and Sewage
III. Water Pollution from Agriculture
IV. Regulations Concerning Detergents
V. Implementation of the WFD
§3. Pollution of the Sea from Ships and Dumping
I. Rules Concerning Regular Discharge from Vessels
II. Rules Concerning Pollution Accidents at Sea
Chapter 4. Waste
§1. Overview
§2. The General Rules on Waste in the PCA
§3. Regulations Concerning Hazardous Waste
I. General Regulation Concerning Hazardous Waste
II. Regulation Concerning Transfrontier Transport of Hazardous Waste
III. Regulations to Prevent Environmental Harm from Final Disposal of Waste
§4. Rules, Regulations, and Voluntary Agreements Concerning the Disposal of Particular Types of Waste
Chapter 5. Soil Pollution
§1. Introduction
§2. Responsibility for Cleaning up Contaminated Sites
§3. Special Regulations
Chapter 6. Noise Pollution
§1. Introduction
§2. Noise from Stationary Sources and Transport: Land-Use Planning
§3. Noise from Products: Product Control Act
Chapter 7. Radiation and Vibration
§1. Overview
§2. The Radiation Act
Chapter 8. Other Sectors
§1. Hazardous Substances
I. Introduction
II. General Rules of the Product Control Act and the Product Register
III. Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, Restriction, and Trade of Chemicals
A. General Regulation
B. Regulations Concerning Specific Substances and Groups of Substances
C. Agricultural Pesticides
§2. The Rational Use of Energy
Part II. Nature Conservation and Management
Chapter 1. Introduction
§1. Background
§2. General Objectives and Principles of Protection and Management of Nature Diversity
§3. Enforcement of the NDA
Chapter 2. Protected Areas
§1. General Objectives and Provisions for Protected Areas
§2. The Various Categories of Protected Areas
I. National Parks
II. Protected Landscapes
III. Nature Reserves
IV. Habitat Management Areas and Marine Protected Areas
V. Protection of 'Selected Habitat Types'
§3. Administrative Procedure for Protection Decisions
§4. Protection According to the PBA
Chapter 3. Protection and Management of Species
§1. Management Objectives and Principles
§2. 'Priority Species'
§3. Alien Organisms
§4. Hunting
Chapter 4. Agriculture
§1. General Introduction
§2. The Agricultural Land Act
§3. The PBA as Applied to Agricultural Land
§4. The Concession Act
Chapter 5. Forests
§1. General Introduction
§2. The Forestry Act
Chapter 6. Fish Resources
§1. Marine Fish Resources
I. Introduction and Overview
II. The 2008 Marine Resources Act
III. The Right to Fish and Catch Act
§2. Fresh Water and Anadromous Fish
I. General Framework
II. Protection and Development of Fish Stocks and Habitats
§3. Aquaculture
Chapter 7. Minerals and Petroleum
§1. Introduction
§2. The Minerals Act
§3. Exploitation of Petroleum Resources on the Continental Shelf
Chapter 8. Watercourses
§1. Introduction and Overview
§2. Hydropower Development: Regulation and Protection
§3. The Water Resources Act
I. Objective and Field of Application
II. General Principles
III. The Licensing System
IV. Protected Watercourses
V. Monitoring and Enforcement
Chapter 9. Other Issues
§1. Regulation of GMOs
I. Introduction
II. Contained Use
III. Deliberate Release
IV. Rules on Implementation and Enforcement
§2. Access to Genetic Material
§3. Outdoor Recreation and Motor Traffic in the Countryside
I. Outdoor Recreation Act
II. Protection of Nature and Recreational Interests in the Oslo Area
III. Motor Traffic on Uncultivated Land and Watercourses
§4. The Svalbard Environmental Act
I. Introduction
II. Purpose and General Principles of the Svalbard Environmental Act
III. Protected Areas
IV. Protection of Flora and Fauna
V. Cultural Heritage
VI. Land-Use Planning
VII. Activities That Have an Environmental Impact
VIII. Access and Passage, and Cabins
IX. Inspection and Control Measures
§5. Antarctica
Part III. Spatial Planning
Chapter 1. General
§1. General Overview
§2. Purpose and General Principles of Planning According to the PBA
§3. Planning at the Municipal Level
I. The General Municipal Plan (Master Plan)
II. The Local Development Plan
§4. Regional Planning
§5. State Instruments in Respect of Spatial Planning
§6. The 'Building Permit' System
Part IV. Liability Questions
Chapter 1. Civil Liability
§1. Overview
§2. The Neighbour Act
§3. Liability Pursuant to the PCA Chapter 8
I. The Field of Application of PCA Chapter 8
II. The Basis and Subject of Liability (Articles 55-56)
III. The Extent of Liability (Article 57)
A. The General Rule: 'Pecuniary Loss' Is Compensated
B. Costs of Measures to Prevent and Limit Pollution Damage
IV. Causation Rules: Compensation in Cases of Multiple Causes
V. The Relationship Between the Rules on Damages and Those on Reimbursement When Actions Have Been Taken
§4. Liability Rules in Other Acts
I. Liability Pursuant to the Petroleum Act
II. Liability Pursuant to the Maritime Act
III. Liability Pursuant to the Nuclear Energy Act
Chapter 2. Criminal Liability
§1. Introduction
§2. The General Provisions on Environmental Crime in the Penal Code
Part V. Juridical Actions by Individuals
Chapter 1. Administrative Remedies
§1. Introduction and Overview
§2. General Rules on Administrative Procedure and Appeal
§3. The Parliamentary Ombudsman
Chapter 2. Judicial Remedies in Civil Cases
§1. The Court System
§2. General Issues
§3. Examples
I. Decisions by a Public Authority
II. Cases of Compensation
Selected Bibliography
Index

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