Evolving Journalism Research Methods

List of Contributors

Section I: Theory in a Changing World

Introduction to theory in a changing world

Michael P. Boyle and Adam M. Rainear

Chapter 1: Digital journalism: Theory, practice, and critics

Masduki, Iwan Awaluddin Yusuf, Narayana Mahendra Prastya, Id NDK Ningsih, and Dian Dwi Anisa

Chapter 2: Heuristics and digital horizons: Navigating media effects in journalism

Xialing Lin and Patric R. Spence

Chapter 3: Community structure shapes journalism: From modest model to robust theory

John C. Pollock

Chapter 4: Understanding user and designer perspectives on newsroom automation: Exploring a clash in newsworker and technologist perspectives through comparative analysis

Shangyuan Wu, Pei Qi Chua, and Edson C. Tandoc Jr.

Chapter 5: An exploratory experiment to understand perceptions of medical experts and scientists presented in news media regarding the COVID-19 vaccine

Brett W. Robertson and Adam M. Rainear

Chapter 6: Ethics in research

Kimberly Meltzer

Section II: Sampling and Measurement

Section introduction

Michael P. Boyle and Adam M. Rainear

Chapter 7: Rapport and journalist to subject relationships

Kimberly Meltzer

Chapter 8: Measuring media's ecological effects: Spatial analyses of local media's role in non-institutional political engagement

Abby Y. Qin

Chapter 9: Qualitative listening in data gathering

Michele Kimball

Chapter 10: Universal Design (UD) practices and accessibility disclosure statements: Best practices in the web-based research

Alicia Mason, Elizabeth A. Spencer, Pan Liu, Kristen M. Livingston, Angela Ashmore, Lauren Shepard, and Tristan A. Spencer

Chapter 11: Gender, caste, language, and terrain in India's Maoist conflict journalism fieldwork

Ashmi Desai

Chapter 12: Exploring question order-effects: Implications for questionnaire design

Mike Schmierbach and Michael P. Boyle

Section III: Qualitative Research Methods

Section introduction

Michael P. Boyle and Adam M. Rainear

Chapter 13: Four research methods for studying journalists' knowledge and expertise

Zvi Reich, Irit Neumann, Oded Jackman, Liri Bloom and Tal Mishaly

Chapter 14: Qualitative analysis in fact-checking methodology research: Semi-structured, in-depth interviews

Victoria Moreno-Gil

Chapter 15: Journalism and autoethnography: An explication and application

James A. Ford and Richard D. Besel

Chapter 16: Focus groups in journalism research: A reappraisal

Martin J. Riedl, Gina M. Masullo, and Tamar Wilner

Chapter 17: Discourses of a shortage: News sharing on social media during the 2022 infant formula crisis

Alison N. Novak

Chapter 18: Interviews and focus groups within journalists in Pakistan's conflict zone: Methodological and ethical challenges

Sayyed Fawad Ali Shah & Shabir Hussain

Chapter 19: Gender sensitive journalism education in Kashmir: An exploratory study

Paromita Pain, Aaliya Ahmed, and Zara Malik Khaled

Section IV: Quantitative Research Methods

Section introduction

Michael P. Boyle and Adam M. Rainear

Chapter 20: Cognitive barriers to select news from distrusted sources: An eye tracking examination of expectancy violation perceptions

Robin Blom

Chapter 21: Effects of collectivism in perceptions of websites and discussion forums: A comparison between national vs. individual-level differences

Maria D. Molina and Mike Schmierbach

Chapter 22: The necessity and sufficiency of intercoder reliability and other contemporary issues in content analyses

Cory L. Armstrong and Fangfang Gao

Chapter 23: Stimulus creation for experiments: A case study using media literacy videos

Anne Oeldorf-Hirsch, Alyssa Appelman, Mike Schmierbach, and Michael P. Boyle

Chapter 24: Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling and journalism studies: A case study of UK news coverage using Freedom of Information (FOI) requests

Jingrong Tong

Chapter 25: Cancer information overload and message fatigue: The overload-fatigue model and dispositional origins

Jakob D. Jensen, Rachel A. Katz, Helen M. Lillie, Manusheela Pokharel, Dallin R. Adams, and Sean Upshaw

Section V: Analyzing and Reporting Data

Section introduction

Michael P. Boyle and Adam M. Rainear

Chapter 26: Planning, conducting, and presenting visual journalism research: Considerations for visual data collection, analysis, and publication

T.J. Thomson

Chapter 27: Using newsroom reconstruction to understand metacognition in journalism

Patrick R. Johnson

Chapter 28: Exploring news consumption as an independent and dependent variable

L. Meghan Mahoney and Tang Tang

Chapter 29: Applying responsible research and innovation (RRI) as a method in journalism research

Astrid Gynnild and Anja Salzman

Chapter 30: "Flow" as the new unit of analysis: Introducing snowball crawling and named-entity recognition as a methodological toolkit for media research

Steve Guo and Dan Wang

Chapter 31: Who said what? Studying public opinions with big data methods and discourse perspectives

Xianlin Jin and Xin Sheng

Index