Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering

Name: Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering | Monitoring and Remediation of Contamination
Brand: Wiley
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Monitoring and Remediation of Contamination

Rouf Ahmad Bhat Mohammad Yaseen Mir Gowhar Hamid Dar Moonisa Aslam Dervash(Autor*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 28. April 2022

240 Seiten

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Beschreibung

Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering

Discover the importance of remediation efforts for aquatic ecosystems

Most contamination of water bodies stem from human activity, and the pollution in our water is one of the most important environmental concerns facing future generations. The most significant of these pollutants are halogenated organic compounds, petroleum hydrocarbons, radionuclides, metal and metalloids, pharmaceutical drugs, microbial toxins, and flame retardants. With such a vast array of potential contaminants and dangerously cumulating contamination levels in fragile marine environments, reparative action is more essential than ever.

Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering: Monitoring and Remediation of Contamination provides the reader with a map towards environmentally safe and economically feasible technologies to intervene in polluted aquatic ecosystems. The authors suggest a phased approach consisting of site classification and risk assessment, followed by remediation technology selection and implementation. Effective methods for surveying bodies of water are particularly emphasized, and advancements in the development of novel transgenic plants and microbial fuel cells are put forward as effective tools against environmental contamination and industrial wastewater pollution.

Readers will also find:

* A focus on the most recent and cutting-edge research on the topic: photocatalysis, the use of genetically modified organisms, and the use of nanomaterials

* A simple compendium of fundamental concepts in environmental engineering of aquatic ecosystems

* A detailed discussion of the advancement in remote sensing and geographic information (GIS), methodologies that make it possible to conduct large-scale water remediation studies at reasonable cost

The ideal resource for researchers and students of environmental science, plant biotechnology, agricultural science, environmental engineering, and plant sciences, Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering will be a crucial resource for the remediation of contaminants in our aquatic ecosystems.

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Inhalt

Intro
Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering
Contents
Preface
About the Authors
1 Emerging Pollutants Remediation Water Systems: Biomass-Based Technologies
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Adsorption-Based Remediation
1.2.1 Biomass
1.2.2 Terrestrial and Marine Bioresources
1.2.3 Agro-Industrial Wastes
1.2.4 Activated Carbons (ACs) 1.2.5 Bioresources
1.2.6 Agro-Industrial Wastes
1.2.7 Activated Sludge (AS)
1.3 Bioremediation
1.3.1 Phytoremediation
1.3.2 Constructed Wetlands (CWs)
1.3.3 Microbial Remediation
1.3.4 Biocoagulants and Bioflocculants
1.4 Multi-Element Water Treatment Process
1.4.1 Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs): Biodegradation and Membrane Filtration
1.4.2 Activated Carbon and Ozone
1.5 Views and Recommendations
1.6 Conclusion
2 Genetic Engineering for Metal Tolerance and Accumulation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Mechanisms of Metal Uptake and Their Transport in Plants
2.2.1 Heavy Metals Tolerance (Mechanism) in Plants
2.2.2 Mechanisms of Avoidance in Plants
2.2.3 Binding of Metal to the Cell Wall
2.2.4 Mechanisms of Tolerance in Plants
2.3 Phytoremediation Using Genetic Engineering Stress-Tolerant Plants
2.3.1 Selenium Accumulation by Plants
2.3.2 Genetics of Plants Selenium Accumulation
2.3.3 Proteins for Metal Accumulation
2.4 Genetically Modified Plants Against Uptake, Tolerance and Detoxification of Heavy Metals
2.5 Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation Mechanisms in Plants
2.5.1 Immobilization
2.5.2 Chelation Using Organic Acids and Amino Acids
2.5.3 Stress Peptide Synthesis
2.5.4 Cd Transporters
2.5.5 Genetic Analysis of Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation in Plants
2.6 Heavy Metal ATPases (HMA)
3 Transgenic Approaches for Field Testing and Risk Assessment
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Transgenic Plants for Environmental Remediation
3.3 Degradation Pathways in Plants
3.4 Cytochrome P450s for Environmental Perspectives
3.5 Transgenic Plants for the Rhizoremediation of Organic Xenobiotics
3.6 Transgenic Plants to be Developed for the Phytoremediation of Some Other Priority Pollutants
3.7 Potential Genes for Phytoremediation
3.8 Hitting Transgenics to the Assessment: Plant Bioremediation
3.9 Potential Risks
3.9.1 Risk Assessment Theories and Practices
3.9.2 Contests Aimed at Multifaceted Risk Valuation
3.10 Future Research Guidelines
4 Role of RS and GIS in Water Quality Monitoring and Remediation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Scope of RS and GIS in Water Monitoring
4.3 Assessment of Certain Impurities in Water with the Aid of RS and GIS
4.3.1 Suspended Load
4.3.2 Phytoplankton
4.3.3 Turbidity
4.4 Benefits of RS in Assessment of Water Quality
4.4.1 Soil Moisture Mapping for Floods and Droughts
4.4.2 Spatially Distributed Crop Water Use Estimation
4.4.3 Surface Water Quality Monitoring and Remediation
4.4.4 Groundwater Quality Monitoring and Remediation
4.5 Future Prospectus of RS and GIS Applications in Water Quality Studies
5 Advancement on Bioaugmentation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Present Disposal Techniques and Their Limitations
5.3 Bioaugmentation as an Emerging Strategy
5.3.1 Bioaugmentation Principle
5.3.2 Cell Bioaugmentation
5.3.3 Biological Augmentation as a Tool for Improving the Wastewater Treatment Efficiency
5.3.4 Role of Bioaugmentation in Removing Recalcitrant Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater
5.4 Bioaugmentation Applications
5.4.1 Removal of Compounds
5.4.2 Removal of Lignin
5.4.3 Pyridine and Quinoline
5.4.4 Cyanides
5.4.5 Nicotine
5.5 Bioaugmentation Technologies and Their Limitations
5.5.1 Grazing of Protozoans
5.5.2 Inoculum Size
5.5.3 Bacteriophage Infection
5.6 Strategies for Improving the Effectiveness of Bioaugmentation
5.6.1 Immobilizing the Cells in Bioaugmentation
5.6.2 Quorum Sensing
5.6.3 Gene Transfer and Genetically Modified Microorganisms
5.7 Bioaugmentation and Nanotechnology
5.8 Future Prospects
5.9 Conclusion
6 Photocatalysis in Relation to Water Remediation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Characteristics of Material
6.2.1 Homogeneous Photocatalysis
6.2.2 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
6.3 Consequence of Ultra Violet/Titanium Dioxide/ Hydrogen Peroxide
6.3.1 Chlorophenol
6.3.2 2,4-Dichlorophenol
6.3.3 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
6.4 Obstacles for Applicability
6.4.1 Advancement of Photocatalytic Materials
6.4.2 Photocatalytic Reactor Design and System Evaluation
6.5 Strategies for Improving Research Outcomes
7 Biochemical Systems
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Cathodic Catalysis in BES and Implications for Catalyst Design
7.2.1 Cathodic Catalysis Characteristic in BES
7.2.2 Operation Environment
7.2.3 Wastewater Electrolyte
7.2.4 Cathode Over-Potential and Catalysis in BES
7.2.5 Photo-aided Cathodic Catalysis
7.3 Wastewater Treatment
7.3.1 Highly Biodegradable Wastewater
7.3.2 Complex/Low Biodegradable Wastewater
7.3.3 Integrated Process for Additional Treatment
7.4 Current Bottlenecks and Challenges for BES
7.5 Future Directions
8 Nanotechnology: Environmental Sustainable Solutions for Wastewater Treatment
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Water Nanotechnology
8.2.1 Adsorption and Separation
8.2.2 Catalysis
8.2.3 Disinfection
8.2.4 Sensing
8.2.5 Carbon-Based Nanoadsorbents
8.2.6 Metal-Based Nanoadsorbents
8.2.7 Polymer-Based Nanoadsorbents
8.3 Zeolites
8.4 Magnetic Nanocomposites
8.5 Nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI)
8.6 Biosorbents
8.7 Treatment of Wastewater by Means of MembraneBased Techniques
8.8 Nanoparticles for Microbial Control and Disinfection
8.9 Antimicrobial Action of Nanoparticles
8.10 Potential Applications in Wastewater Treatment
8.11 Benefits of Nano-Biotechnology-Based Applications for Water Sustainability
8.12 Challenges and Future Outlook
9 Biotechnology Intercession in Phytoremediation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Genetically Engineered Plants and Phytoremediation
9.3 Qualitative Phytoremediators
9.4 Biotechnology in Plant Mediated Remediation for Contaminants
9.5 Toxic Metals (TMs)
9.5.1 Arsenic (As)
9.5.2 Mercury (Hg)
9.5.3 Organic Pollutants (OPs)
9.5.4 Pesticides
9.5.5 Oil Spills (OSs)
9.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
10 Biofilms in Remediation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Different Methods for Culturing Biofilms In Vitro
10.2.1 Static Microtiter Plate Assays
10.2.2 Tube Biofilms
10.2.3 Colony Biofilms
10.3 Biofilm Growth on Peg Lids
10.4 Rotating Disk and Concentric Cylinder Reactors
10.5 Methods for Characterization of Biofilms
10.5.1 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)
10.5.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
10.5.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
10.5.4 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
10.5.5 X-ray Spectroscopy
10.5.6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
10.6 Biofilm-Based Bioremediation
10.7 Nitrogen Fixing Microorganisms in Lakes
10.8 Conclusion
11 Graphene-Based Absorbents for Wastewater Treatment
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Graphene-Based Materials
11.3 Graphene-Polymer Composites
11.4 Applications of Graphene as an Adsorbent in Water Remediation
11.4.1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
11.4.2 Phenolic Compounds
11.4.3 Pharmaceutical Compounds
11.4.4 Pesticides
11.4.5 Dyes
11.5 Future Scope
12 Sewage Sludge
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Characteristics of Sewage Sludge
12.3 Activation of Sewage Sludge
12.4 Disposal of Sludge to Land
12.5 The Effect of Sludge Application on Soil Properties
12.5.1 Physico-Chemical Properties
12.5.2 Microbial Parameters of Soil
12.5.3 Concentration of Nutrients and the Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge and Soil
12.6 Outlines of Nutrients and Harmful Metals in Sludge and Soil
12.7 The Accumulation of Nutrients by Crops
12.8 Future Views
13 Microbial Fuel Cells for the Treatment of Wastewater
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Biochemical Sustenance of Microbes
13.3 Functioning of MFCs
13.3.1 Uses of MFCs
13.3.2 Wastewater Treatment
13.3.3 Power Supply to Underwater Monitoring Devices
13.3.4 Power Supply to Remote Sensors
13.3.5 BOD Sensing
13.3.6 Hydrogen Manufacture
13.4 Microbial Fuel Cells Treatment of Wastewater
13.5 Microbial Fuel Cell Design
13.6 Construction of MFCs
13.6.1 Two Cell MFCs
13.6.2 Single Compartment MFCs
13.7 MFCs and Wastewater Remediation
13.7.1 Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment and Energy Generation
13.7.2 Treatment of Sewage and Electricity Production by Microbial Fuel Cells
13.7.3 Advanced MFCs for Wastewater Treatment
13.8 Wastewater Treatment by MFCs Coupled with Peroxicoagulation Process
13.9 MFCs and Generation of Bioelectricity
13.10 Electricigens in the MFCs
13.11 Future Prospects
13.12 Conclusion
14 Water Resources Planning and Management Paradigm Decision-Making
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Freshwater Stress
14.3 Globalization
14.4 Disparity in Supply and Demand
14.5 Planning and Management Approaches
14.5.1 Top-Down Approach
14.5.2 Bottom-Up Approach
14.6 Integrated Water Resources Management
14.7 Water Management and Planning: Goals, Strategies, Decisions, and Scenarios
14.8 Systems Approaches to Water Resource System Planning and Decision-Making
14.9 Analysis and Implementation Framework
14.10 Decision-Making
Index
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