European Energy Futures 2030

This book summarizes the results of an international research project - the first Europe-wide Delphi study on future developments in the energy sector (EurEnDel). With a time horizon of 2030, this expert survey provides not only a useful perspective on long-term developments of energy technologies, but also evaluates these technologies against different sets of social values or "visions". Nearly 700 energy experts from 48 countries participated in this two-round web-based Delphi exercise. The results represent a broad European perspective on the challenges that Europe's energy system will be facing over the next two and a half decades. In the survey and in the analysis of the results, equal emphasis was placed on the technology-push perspective "What will the future be like?" and the normative social-pull perspective "What should the future be like?". In this respect, considerable attention was given to the different responses received from technology experts, generalists and decision makers.