Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2004

Sepsis Mediators . Update on CD14, LBP, and Toll-like Receptors in Acute Infections. Alcohol Abuse: A Major Contributing Factor to Post-burn/trauma Immune Complications. Redox Imbalance in Sepsis and the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome.- Cellular Alterations in Sepsis . The Role of Leptin in Sepsis. Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-alpha in Inflammation and Septic Shock. Influence of Acid-base Balance in Patients with Sepsis. Muscle Failure in Septic Patients.- Nitric Oxide Metabolism . Role of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cardiopulmonary Lesions of Sepsis. Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine in Critical Illness: A New Causative Factor in Organ Failure?.- Relative Adrenal Insufficiency . The Role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA)-axis in Severe Sepsis and Critical Illness. Assessment of Adrenocortical Function in Critical Illness: The Debate Continues. Low Dose Corticosteroids in Septic Shock.- Resuscitation . Emergency Ventilatory Management as a Detrimental Factor in Resuscitation Practices and Clinical Research Efforts. Shock: Pathogenesis and General Principles of Management.- Sepsis Therapies . Goal-directed Hemodynamic Therapy in the ICU: Application and Possible Mechanism of Therapeutic Effect. Coupled Plasma Filtration Adsorption.- Additional Therapeutic Agents . Role of Vasopressin and Terlipressin in the setting of Systemic Inflammation. N-Acetylcysteine: Always the Bridesmaid..?. Prostaglandin I ₂ : More than a Vasodilator and Inhibitor of Platelet Aggregation?.- Antimicrobial Strategies . Antibiotic Therapy for Sepsis, Severe Sepsis, and Septic Shock: The "Tarragona" Strategy. Empiric Antibiotic Therapy In Life-threatening Infections: The "Varese" Approach. The Spectrum of Invasive Aspergillosis in the ICU: Not just for Hematology Patients. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infections of the Respiratory Tract in Critically ill Patients.- Respiratory Failure: Basic Mechanisms . Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Acute Lung Injury and Pneumonia. Matrix Metalloproteases: A Potential Role in the Pathogenesis of ARDS. The Immune Response to Resistive Breathing: Implications for Respiratory Failure.- Respiratory Failure: Clinical Aspects . Respiratory Function in Morbidly Obese Subjects. Respiratory Failure and Diaphragm Function. SARS and Critical Care Medicine: The Toronto Experience.- Mechanical Ventilation . Cough Assistance in Mechanically Ventilated Neuromuscular Patients. Over-humidification: An Under-recognized Problem. Weaning and Withdrawing Mechanical Ventilatory Support.- VILI, VALI, and VASI . The Role of Cytokines in VALI and VASI. Role of G-proteins in VILI. Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on Pulmonary and Peripheral Immune Function.- ALI/ARDS . Helmet CPAP in Acute Respiratory Failure. ARDS Controversies: Where do we Stand Now?. Optimal Delivery of Recruitment Maneuvers in the Injured Lung. Pressure/volume Curve to Optimize Lung Recruitment in ARDS. Lung Recruitment and the setting of PEEP in ALI/ARDS. Lung Fluid Balance and Pulmonary Edema in ARDS: Modulation by Beta-adrenergic Stimulation. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in Severe Acute Respiratory Failure.- Abdominal Crises . Increasing Regional Blood Flow: The Splanchnic Region. Management of Acute Variceal Bleeding in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Biochemical Severity Stratification of Acute Pancreatitis.- Monitoring & Research Techniques . Cardiovascular Effects and optimal Preload Markers in Intra-abdominal Hypertension. Preventing Mechanical and Infectious Complications of Central Venous Catheterization. Blood Volume Monitoring Combined with Bioelectrical Impedance Measurement during Renal Replacement Therapy. Clinical Assessment of Hemodynamics using Impedance Cardiography. Non-invasive Assessment of Cerebral Perfusion with the Brain Acoustic Monitor. Stable Isotopes for Metabolic Research in Intensive Care.- Ultrasound Techniques . Echocardiography and Cardiac Doppler in Animal Studies. Cardiovascular Management in Septic Shock: It is Time for Echocardiography. Lung Ultrasound in the Critically Ill.- Oxygen Availability . Pulse Oximetry: Real World Performance. The Oxygen Whirlpool. Lactic Acidosis: Theory and Practice Uncoupled.- Preload Responsiveness . Non-invasive Assessment of Volume Responsiveness. Do we Need to Know Cardiac Preload?.- Fluid Replacement . Does Volume Replacement influence Inflammatory Response and Endothelial Injury?. Leukocyte-endothelial Interaction and Hydroxyethyl Starch: Specific Effects in Capillary Leak. Pruritis after HES: Fact of Fiction?.- Anemia and Oxygen Carriers . Epidemiology, Etiology, and Tolerance of Anemia During Critical Illness. New Concepts in the Prevention and Treatment of Bleeding. Red Blood Transfusion and Alternatives in the Critically Ill Patient. Resuscitation of the Microcirculation with Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers Following Hemorrhage.- Brain Injury . Altered Genomic Response to Ischemia: A Means of Ischemic Tolerance Induction in the Brain?. Brain MRI in the Assessment of Severe Head Trauma. Hypertonics and the Treatment of Raised Intracranial Pressure. The "Lund Concept" for Treatment of Severe Brain Trauma: A Physiological Approach.- Induced Hypothermia . Controlled Therapeutic Hypothermia: When is it Indicated?. Use of Induced Hypothermia for Neuroprotection.- Comfort in the ICU . Sedation and Analgesia: Selecting the Right Agent. Neurophysiological Correlates of Sedation in the ICU. Sleep Derangements in Critically Ill Patients.- Cost-effectiveness . International Comparisons of Health Care Costs: Are They Important in Intensive Care and How should They be Achieved?. Standard Operating Procedures: A Rational Approach?.- Subject Index