Inorganic Thermochromism

A. Introduction.- A.I Definition of "Inorganic Thermochromism" and the Aim of this Book.- A.II Some Common Examples of Inorganic Thermochromism.- A.II.1 NO2-N2O4 Equihbrium in the Gas Phase.- A.II.2 Color of Iodine in Various Solutions.- A.II.3 Ruby and Some Compounds of Mercury and Silver.- References.- B. Thermochromic and Chromotropic Phenomena of Cobalt(II) Chloride Solutions and Related Systems.- B.I Introductory Remarks: Visual Observations on Aqueous and Alcoholic Solutions of Cobalt(II) Chloride.- B.II Low-Temperature Spectrophotometric Studies on Alcoholic Solutions of Cobah(II) Chloride.- B.III Effects of Water, High Pressure and Dilution on the Spectra of Alcoholic Solutions of Cobalt(II) Chloride.- B.IV Thermochromic Equilibria of Cobalt(II) Chloride in Aqueous Solutions.- B.IV.1 General Remarks and "Inert Salt Effect".- B.IV.2 Thermochromism of Cobalt(II) Chloride in Reversed Micelles.- B.V Chromotropic Phenomena of Cobalt(II) Chloride in Aprotic Solvents.- B.VI Chromotropic Phenomena of Other Cobalt(II) Salts in Aqueous and Organic Solvents.- B.VII Chromotropic Phenomena of Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Halides in Solution.- References.- C. Thermochromism of Nickel(II) Chelates in Solution.- C.I Introduction.- C.II Tetrammine-type Chelates: Octahedral-Square Planar Equilibria.- C.III ß-Diketonate Chelates: Monomer-Polymer Equilibria.- C.IV Mixed Diamine-ß-Diketonate Chelates: Solvatochromic and Thermochromic Equilibria Governed by the Coordinating Power (Donor Number) of the Solvent.- C.IV.1 Introduction.- C.IV.2 Chelate Perchlorates and Tetraphenylborates.- C.IV.3 Nitrato- and Bis(?-diketonato)-Complexes.- C.IV.4 Halogeno- and Pseudohalogeno-Complexes.- C.V Chelates of Schiff Bases and Related Ligands: Tetrahedral-Square Planar Equilibria.- C.VI Thermochromic Systems Involving Formation of Five-Coordinate Complexes and Linkage Isomerization.- C.VI.1 Formation of Five-Coordinate Complexes.- C.VI.2 Isomerization Equihbria: The Nitro-Nitrito Equilibria.- References.- D. Chromotropic Phenomena of Copper(II) Chelates.- D.I Introduction: Structure and Spectra of Copper(II) Chelates.- D.II Acetylacetonates and Tetrammine-type Complexes.- D.II.1 Acetylacetonates: Solvatochromism, Thermochromism and Gas-Phase Spectra.- D.II.2 Tetrammine-type Complexes.- D.III Mixed Diamine-?-Diketonate Chelates.- D.III.1 Introduction.- D.III.2 Chelate Perchlorates and Nitrates: Solute-Solvent Interactions.- D.III.3 Halogeno- and Pseudohalogeno-Complexes: Solute-Solute-Solvent Interactions.- References.- Ë. Miscellaneous Chromotropic Phenomena Observed in Solutions of Metallic Complexes.- E.I Introduction.- E.II Spin-Crossover in Iron(II) and Iron(III) Complexes Observed as Solution Thermochromism.- E.III Iron(II) Cyanide-(Heterocyclic N-Base) Mixed Complexes: Solvatochromism Caused by Acceptor Solvents and Ions.- E.IV Solvatochromism of Oxovanadium(IV) ?-Diketonates.- E.V Thermochromism of Metal Chelates with Triphenylmethane Complexones in Aqueous Solutions.- E. VI Thermochromism and Solvatochromism Accompanied by the Formation of Ligand Radicals in Solution.- References.- F. Thermochromism of Transition Metal Complexes in the Solid State.- F.I Introduction.- F.II Irreversible Thermochromism.- F.II.1 Visual and Spectral Observations of the Color Changes.- F.II.2 Irreversible Thermochromism Caused by Dehydration.- F.II.3 Diamine Complexes of Nickel(II): Octrahedral-Square Planar Changes with Deaquation and Anation.- F.II.4 Decomposition and Isomerization of Chromium(III) Complexes.- F.III Reversible Thermochromism.- F.III.1 Halide Complexes of Copper(II) and Nickel(II).- F.III.1.1 Thermochromism Associated with the Tetrahedral-Square Planar Changes of [CuCl4]2- and Related Complexes.- F.III.1.2 Thermochromism Associated with the Octahedral-Tetrahedral Changes of [NiCl4]2- and Related Complexes.- F.III.2 Thermochromism of the Chelates of Copper(II) and Nickel(II) with Specific Stereochemistries.- F.III.2.1 Thermochromism of the Copper(II) Chelates of[CuN4]-Type.- F.III.2.2 Thermochromism of the Nickel(II) Complexes of Some Heterocychc N-Ligands due to Monomer-Dimer Equilibria.- F.III.3 Miscellaneous Examples of Solid-State Thermochromism.- F.III.4 Fluorescence Thermochromism of Cu(I) Complexes.- F.IV Practical Applications of Solid-State Thermochromism: Color Indicators for Temperature Changes.- References.- Concluding Remarks.