Contents
International Investment Law and Arbitration: History, Modern Practice, and Future Prospects
?Ian A. Laird, Borzu Sabahi, and Giovanna E. Gismondi
?Abstract
?Keywords
?I. Introduction
?II. Forces that Shape the System of Investment Protection and Promotion
?III. Genesis of the Law: Protection of Aliens Abroad, Gunboat Diplomacy, Minimum Standard, and Diplomatic Protection
?IV. Protection through Peaceful Means of Settlement of Disputes: Hague Conferences, PCIJ, ICJ
?V. Post-World War II: Promotion and Protection of Private Capital Flows
?VI. FCN and BIT Programs and Recognition of Foreign Investors' Right to Directly Submit Claims to International Arbitration without Espousal or Exhaustion of Local Remedies
?VII. Content of Modern BITs
?VIII. Scaling Back Protections and Backlash
?IX. Conclusion
?Bibliography
