Contents
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Foreword to the First Edition
Figures, Tables, and Maps
Abbreviations
Table of International Agreements
Table of Cases?lxxv
part 1: Introduction
1 Maintaining Freedom of the Seas
?1.1?Introduction
?1.2?Freedom of the Seas
?1.3?Importance of Freedom of the Seas
?1.4?Excessive Maritime Claims
?1.5?US Freedom of Navigation Program
?1.6?Oppose to Avoid Acquiescence
?1.7?Importance of the FON Program
?1.8?The United States and the Law of the Sea
?1.9?Limitations of the Study
2 Identification of Excessive Maritime Claims
?2.1?Introduction
?2.2?Historic Bays
?2.3?Baselines
?2.4?Territorial Sea Breadth
?2.5?Contiguous Zones
?2.6?Exclusive Economic Zones
?2.7?Continental Shelves
?2.8?Archipelagos
?2.9?Innocent Passage in the Territorial Sea
?2.10?Straits Used for International Navigation
?2.11?Overflight Restrictions
?2.12?Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage
?2.13?Navigation in EEZ?s
?2.14?Marine Data Collection
?2.15?Submarine Cables and Pipelines
?2.16?Polar Areas
?2.17?Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH)
?2.18?Peaceful Purposes/Peaceful Uses of the Seas
part 2: Legal Divisions of the Oceans and Airspace
3 Historic Bays, Historic Waters and Historic Rights
?3.1?Criteria
?3.2?United States Waters/Bays
?3.3?Foreign Waters/Bays Considered Not to Be Historic
?3.4?Historic Waters/Bays Claims Rolled Back
?3.5?Historic Rights
?3.6?Settlement of Disputes
4 Baselines
?4.1?Introduction
?4.2?Normal Baseline
?4.3?Straight Baselines
?4.4?Other Baseline Rules
?4.5?Bays and Other Features
?4.6?Excessive Straight Baseline Claims
?4.7?Excessive Straight Baseline Claims Rolled Back
?4.8?Non-independent (Offshore) Archipelagos
5 Territorial Sea
?5.1?Maximum Permissible Breadth
?5.2?United States Policy
?5.3?Territorial Sea Claims
?5.4?Excessive Claims Rolled Back
?5.5?Territorial Sea Claims Greater than 12 Miles
?5.6?Territorial Seas Measured from Non-conforming Baselines
6 Contiguous Zone
?6.1?Juridical Regime
?6.2?Excessive Claims
?6.3?Excessive Claims Rolled Back
7 Exclusive Economic Zone
?7.1?Juridical Regime
?7.2?Status as Customary Law
?7.3?United States Policy
?7.4?Excessive Claims
?7.5?Special Areas
8 Continental Shelf
?8.1?Geologic Definition
?8.2?Juridical Definitions
?8.3?Rights and Duties
?8.4?Limits of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Miles
?8.5?Excessive Claims
?8.6?Continental Shelves Measured from Non-conforming Baselines
9 Archipelagos
?9.1?Archipelagic States
?9.2?Island-Mainland States
?9.3?Baselines
?9.4?Legal Status
?9.5?Excessive Claims
?9.6?Excessive Claims Rolled Back
9a Islands and Other Maritime Features
?9a.1 Definitions
?9a.2 Maritime Zones of Maritime Features
?9a.3 Maritime Features Subject to Appropriation
?9a.4 Distinguishing Rocks from other Islands
?9a.5 Disputes over High-Tide Features
part 3: Navigation and Overflight Rights and Duties
10 In the Territorial Sea
?10.1?Right of Innocent Passage
?10.2?Permissible Restrictions on Innocent Passage
?10.3?Excessive Restrictions on Innocent Passage
?10.4?Excessive Restrictions on Transport of Hazardous Waste
?10.5?Places of Refuge for Ships in Distress
?10.6?Assistance Entry
11 Straits Used for International Navigation
?11.1?Legal Regime
?11.2?Transit Passage
?11.3?Innocent Passage
?11.4?International Straits Not Completely Overlapped by Territorial Seas
?11.5?"Straits Used for International Navigation"
?11.6?Legal Status of Waters Forming International Straits
?11.7?Rights and Duties of States Bordering Straits and of Ships and Aircraft during Transit Passage
?11.8?Navigational Regimes of Particular Straits
12 Overflight Restrictions
?12.1?Juridical Regime
?12.2?Excessive Claims
13 Navigation and Overflight in Archipelagos
?13.1?Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage
?13.2?Rights and Duties of Ships and Aircraft during Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage and of Archipelagic States
?13.3?Innocent Passage
?13.4?Archipelagic Waters Not Claimed
?13.5?Excessive Claims
?13.6?Excessive Claims Rolled Back
14 Navigation in Exclusive Economic Zones
?14.1?Criteria
?14.2?Excessive Claims
?14.3?Transfer of Oil between Ships at Sea
15 Marine Data Collection
?15.1?Definitions
?15.2?Legal Regimes of MSR and Surveys under the 1958 Geneva Conventions
?15.3?Legal Regime of MSR under the LOS Convention
?15.4?Conduct of MSR under the LOS Convention
?15.5?US Marine Scientific Research Policy
?15.6?Role of the US State Department in MSR
?15.7?Coastal State Practice regarding MSR under the LOS Convention
?15.8?Value of the LOS Convention Today for MSR
?15.9?MSR Dispute Settlement Regime
?15.10?Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS)
?15.11?Operational Oceanography Systems
?15.12?Coordination of Operational Oceanographic Programs
?15.13?Operational Oceanography Programs
?15.14?Data Collection Instruments
?15.15?Data Collection Platforms
?15.16?Operational Oceanography Summary
?15.17?Other Vessels Engaged in Marine Data Collection
?15.18?Marine Data Collection Summary
16 Submarine Cables and Pipelines
?16.1?Importance of Submarine Cables and Pipelines
?16.2?Legal Regime
?16.3?Other Protections for Submarine Cables and Pipelines
?16.4?Difficulties in Protecting Submarine Cables
?16.5?Excessive Claims
?16.6?Inadequate National Legislation
?16.7?Improvements to COLREGS
part 4: Recent Developments
17 Polar Areas
?17.1?The Two Polar Areas
?17.2?The Arctic
?17.3?Antarctica
18 Environmental Protection and Resource Conservation
?18.1?Introduction
?18.2?Environmental Protection
?18.3?Resource Conservation
?18.4?UN Efforts at Conservation and Development
?18.5?Summary
19 Sovereign Immunity and Sunken Ships
?19.1?Sovereign Immunity of Warships and Military Aircraft
?19.2?Sunken Warships and Military Aircraft
?19.3?Underwater Cultural Heritage
?19.4?Other Unresolved Questions
?19.5?Significance
20 Maritime Law Enforcement
?20.1?Maritime Law Enforcement
?20.2?International Maritime Crimes
?20.3?Maritime Law Enforcement Cooperation
?20.4?Treatment of Seafarers
part 5: The Future and Conclusions
21 The Future of US Ocean Policy
?21.1?Evolution of US Ocean Policy
?21.2?The "Other" Excessive Maritime Claims
?21.3?Implementation of US Ocean Policy
?21.4?Promulgation of Policy Guidance for Maritime Forces
?21.5?Development of Conventional International Law
?21.6?US Oceans Policy for the 21st Century
Appendices
1 President's Ocean Policy Statement, March 10, 1983
1A US Statement in Right of Reply, March 8, 1983
2 Proclamation 5030, Exclusive Economic Zone of the United States of America, March 10, 1983
3 Proclamation 5928, Territorial Sea of the United States of America, December 27, 1988
4 Proclamation 7219, Contiguous Zone of the United States, September 2, 1999
5 Joint Statement by the United States and Soviet Union, with Uniform Interpretation of Rules of International Law Governing Innocent Passage, September 23, 1989
6 Presidential Letter of Transmittal of the Law of the Sea Convention, October 6, 1994
7 Secretary of State's Letter of Submittal to the President, September 23, 1994
8 Commentary - The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Agreement on Implementation of Part XI
9 Senate Executive Reports on the Law of the Sea Convention
10 Minority Report and Rebuttal
11 Table of Comparable Provisions 1958 Geneva Conventions and 1982 LOS Convention, Customary International Law
12 Evolution of the Modern Law of the Sea
13 Sources and Implementation of LOS Convention
14 US Arctic Policy
15 The Ilulissat Declaration, May 28, 2008
16 United States Maritime Law Enforcement Agreements (in Force or Signed Awaiting Entry into Force), and Understandings and Operational Procedures
17 Interdiction Principles for the Proliferation Security Initiative, September 4, 2003
18 Parties to the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
19 US Maritime Boundaries
