Body Fluid CompartmentsInterpretation of Urine Electrolytes and OsmolalityRenal Handling of NaCl and WaterIntravenous Fluids: Composition and IndicationsDiureticsDisorders of Extracellular Fluid Volume: Basic ConceptsDisorders of ECF Volume: Congestive Heart FailureDisorders of ECF Volume: Cirrhosis of the LiverDisorders of ECF Volume: Nephrotic SyndromeDisorders of ECF Volume: Volume ContractionDisorders of Water Balance: PhysiologyDisorders of Water Balance: HyponatremiaDisorders of Water Balance: HypernatremiaDisorders of Potassium: PhysiologyDisorders of Potassium: HypokalemiaDisorders of Potassium: HyperkalemiaDisorders of Calcium: PhysiologyDisorders of Calcium: HypocalcemiaDisorders of Calcium: HypercalcemiaDisorders of Phosphate: PhysiologyDisorders of Phosphate: HypophosphatemiaDisorders of Phosphate: HyperphosphatemiaDisorders of Magnesium: HypermagnesemiaAcid-Base PhysiologyEvaluation of an Acid-Base DisorderHigh Anion Gap Metabolic AcidosisHyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis: Renal Tubular AcidosisHyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis: Nonrenal CausesMetabolic AlkalosisRespiratory AcidosisRespiratory AlkalosisMixed Acid-Base DisordersFluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base disorders in Special Conditions - Acute kidney injuryFluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base disorders in Special Conditions - Chronic kidney diseaseFluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base disorders in Special Conditions - Kidney transplantationFluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base disorders in Special Conditions - Pregnancy Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base disorders in Special Conditions - Liver disease