Applied Physiology in Intensive Care Medicine

Physiological Notes.- Intrinsic (or auto-) PEEP during controlled mechanical ventilation.- Intrinsic (or auto-) positive end-expiratory pressure during spontaneous or assisted ventilation.- Work of breathing.- Interpretation of airway pressure waveforms.- Measurement of respiratory system resistance during mechanical ventilation.- Understanding wasted/ineffective efforts in mechanically ventilated COPD patients using the Campbell diagram.- Dead space.- The multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET).- Alveolar ventilation and pulmonary blood flow: The VA/QT concept.- Mechanisms of hypoxemia.- Pulse oximetry.- Effects of body temperature on blood gases.- Venous oximetry.- Influence of FIO2 on the PaO2/FIO2 ratio.- Hypoxemia due to increased venous admixture: influence of cardiac output on oxygenation.- Pulmonary vascular resistance A meaningless variable?.- Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure.- Clinical significance of pulmonary artery occlusion pressure.- Pulmonary capillary pressure.- Ventricular interdependence: how does it impact on hemodynamic evaluation in clinical practice?.- Cyclic changes in arterial pressure during mechanical ventilation.- Lactic acidosis.- Defining acute renal failure: physiological principles.- Hypotension during intermittent hemodialysis: new insights into an old problem.- Intracranial pressure Part one: Historical overview and basic concepts.- Intracranial pressure Part two: Clinical applications and technology.- Neuromonitoring in the intensive care unit. Part I. Intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow monitoring.- Neuromonitoring in the intensive care unit. Part II. Cerebral oxygenation monitoring and microdialysis.- Physiological Reviews.- Fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients: a review of indices used in intensive care.- Different techniques to measure intra-abdominal pressure (IAP): time for a critical re-appraisal.- Tissue capnometry: does the answer lie under the tongue?.- Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral perfusion.- Ultrasonographic examination of the venae cavae.- Passive leg raising.- Sleep in the intensive care unit.- Magnesium in critical illness: metabolism, assessment, and treatment.- Pulmonary endothelium in acute lung injury: from basic science to the critically ill.- Pulmonary and cardiac sequelae of subarachnoid haemorrhage: time for active management?.- Permissive hypercapnia #x2014; role in protective lung ventilatory strategies.- Right ventricular function and positive pressure ventilation in clinical practice: from hemodynamic subsets to respirator settings.- Acute right ventricular failure#x2014;from pathophysiology to new treatments.- Red blood cell rheology in sepsis.- Stress-hyperglycemia, insulin and immunomodulation in sepsis.- Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in critically ill patients with traumatic and nontraumatic brain injury.- Matching total body oxygen consumption and delivery: a crucial objective?.- Normalizing physiological variables in acute illness: five reasons for caution.- Interpretation of the echocardiographic pressure gradient across a pulmonary artery band in the setting of a univentricular heart.- Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction: the clinical relevance of animal models.- Understanding organ dysfunction in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.- Seminal Studies in Intensive Care.- Manipulating afterload for the treatment of acute heart failure.- Nosocomial pneumonia.- The introduction of positive endexpiratory pressure into mechanical ventilation: a retrospective.- Elastic pressure-volume curves in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.- The concept of #x201C;baby lung#x201D;.- The effects of anesthesia and muscle paralysis on the respiratory system.- Diaphragmatic fatigue during sepsis and septic shock.- The use of severity scores in the intensive care unit.- Oxygen transport-the oxygen delivery controversy.- Organ dysfunction during sepsis.- Ventilator-induced lung injury:from the bench to the bedside.- Remembrance of weaning past: the seminal papers.- Interactions between respiration and systemic hemodynamics. Part I: basic concepts.- Interactions between respiration and systemic hemodynamics. Part II: practical implications in critical care.