Europe and the Environment

Dr. Ludwig Krämer, born 1939, retired from the European Commission in August 2004. Judge at the Langericht in Kiel, he joined the European Commission in 1972, where he started his career dealing with consumer protection issues in the Competition Directorate-General.
In 1975, he moved to the environment and consumer protection service, which was set up in 1973 and which has since become the Environment Directorate-General. In 1987 he was appointed head of the unit in charge of the monitoring of the application of Community legislation, a position he held until 1995. From 1995 to 2000 he was in charge of the Waste Management Policy Unit and since 2001 of the Environmental Governance Unit. Beside those for which he had direct responsibility, many other environmental policy areas greatly benefited from the knowledge, talents and dedication of Dr. Krämer. He is the longest serving official of the European Commission in the field of environmental protection.
He successfully combined his profession as an official of the European Commission with intensive writing and teaching activities. Dr. Krämer is the author of some 20 books and handbooks and 140 articles on EC environmental law. He is an environmental law professor in Bremen and regularly teaches at several European and non-European universities. His academic skills are highly appreciated. In his teaching and speeches, he has inspired his audience and spurred many young people into working to protect the environment.
On the occasion of his retirement from the Commission, a group of colleagues and friends who have had the privilege of benefiting from Ludwig Krämer's experience, learning and generosity, decided to honour him with a liber amicorum, which assembles legal essays on a number of EC environmental law subjects.
Table of Contents:1 Access to Justice in Environmental Matters; A Fundamental Democratic Right by Birgit Dette
2 Commission Infringement Procedure in Environmental Cases by Sibylle Grohs
3 Protection of the Environment Through Criminal Law; Destiny of the Various European Union's Initiatives by Françoise Comte
4 Environmental Impact Assessment; A major Instrument in Environmental Integration by Liam Cashman
5 Prevention and Control of Industrial Emissions; An Overview of EC Rules and Their Specific Impact on Emissions by Alexandre Paquot
6 Environmental Protection by Product Policy; Focus on Dangerous Substances by Marco Onida
7 The European Union and Protection of the Marine Environment; Some Reflections on Developments in Law, Policy and Practice by Martin Hedemann-Robinson
8 Community Legislation on Water Protection; An Assessment of its Evolution and Possible Future by Claudia Olazábal
9 Developments on Soil Protection in the EU by Luca Marmo
10 Developments in European Legislation on Noise Protection by Anna Karamat
11 Community Action in the Fight Against Climate Change by Yvon Slingenberg