A Guide to Laparoscopic Surgery

Preface; SECTION I: INTRODUCTION Introduction/History; Definition; Advantages of Laparoscopy; Disadvantages and limitations of laparoscopy; Contraindications/Risk factors; Absolute; Definition; Combined laparoscopy and open surgery; Physiological changes during laparoscopy; Respiratory; Cardiovascular; Renal; Electrolyte; Metabolic; Anaesthesia during laparoscopy; Postoperative management; SECTION 2: EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTS AND BASIC TECHNIQUE Instruments and basic technique equipment; Camera; Monitor; Light source; Documentation; Imaging Trolley; Telescope; Problems and solutions with imaging and viewing; Sterilization and maintenance of optics and camera; Instruments and access; Introduction; Anatomy; Insufflator; Veress Needle; Cannula and Trocars; Anchoring Device; Creation of pneumoperitoneum/access; Gasless laparoscopy; Pneumorepitoneum by veress needle; Unscarred abdomen; Site; Technique; Safety checks; Insufflation; Scarred abdomen; Problems and solutions of veress needle and pnemoperitoneum; Misplaced needle with or without insufflation; Complications of pnemoperitoneum; Primary cannula insertion; Technique; Primary cannula in scarred abdomen; Problems and solutions of primary cannula; Direct primary cannula/trocar insertion; Open cannulation (Hasson's technique); Complications of the open technique; Secondary cannula; Selection; Position; Technique; Problems and solutions of secondary cannula; Retraction; Extraperitoneal laparoscopy; Technique with balloon; Technique without balloon; Advantages; Disadvantages; Instrument holder; Exiting from the abdomen; Problems after exiting; Instruments for dissection; Grasping forceps; Scissors; Diathermy/electrocautery; Problems and solutions of diathermy; Dissection of tissue; Manipulation; Sharp dissection; Blunt dissection; Haemostasis; Suction/irrigation; Problems and solutions; Laser; CO2; Argon; KTP; Nd-YAG; High intensity focused ultrasound; Cavitational aspirator; Activated scalpel/shears; High velcity water jet; Hydrodissector; Ligation and suturing instruments; Needle holder; Needles/sutures; Knotting; External knotting; Internal knotting; Ligatures; Pre-tied ligature; Ligature using an extracorporeal knot; Ligature using an intracorporeal knot; Suturing; Ligature clips; Stapling or tacking; Linear staplers; Sewing device; Tissue glue/sealant; Specimen extraction; Extraction through the cannula; Extraction through the cannula site; Technique without a bag; Problems and solutions; Retrieval bag; Technique with a bag; Problems and solutions; Minilaparoscopy for tissue removal; SECTION III : SETTING UP IN THEATRE Hand Instruments; Equipment; Check list; Patient Position And Preparation; Setting up for the procedure; SECTION IV: LAPAROSCOPIC PROCEDURES Diagnostic laparoscopy; Indications; Instruments; Technique; Problems and solutions; Laparoscopic ultrasonography; Advantages; Disadvantages; Laparoscopic adhesiolysis; Indications; Instruments; Preparation; Technique; Problems and solutions; Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; Indications; Instruments; Preparation; Technique; Problems and solutions; Complications; Management of common bile duct stones; Appendectomy; Indications; Instruments; Preparation; Technique; Problems and solutions; Laparoscopic Nissen's fundoplication; Indications; Contraindications; Instruments; Preparation; Technique; Problems and solutions; Laparoscopic gastroenterostomy; Indications; Preparation; Instruments; Technique; Problems and solutions; Complications; Truncal vagotomy and highly selective vagotomy; Laparoscopy for perforated duodenal ulcer; Instruments; Preparation; Technique; Problems and solutions; Laparoscopic splenectomy; Indications; Instruments; Preparation; Technique; Problems and solutions; Laparoscopic colorectal surgery; Indications for laparoscopic colorectal surgery; Contraindications; Instruments; Preparation; Technique; Problems and solutions; Complications; Laparoscopy for undescended testis; Indications; Instruments; Preparation; Technique; Problems and solutions; Varicocele; Instruments; Preparation; Technique; Problems and solutions; Laparoscopic simple nephrectomy; Indications; Instruments; Preparation; Technique for transperitoneal nephrectomy; Problems and solutions; Technique for retroperitoneal nephrectomy; Problems and solutions of retroperitoneal approach