This text presents a new approach to analysing human behaviour. The fundamental concept is to focus on how people link motivation with action, and why they do or do not stick with their original intentions. The studies included here attempt to separate people into two groups: state-oriented individuals who focus under stress on the past, present or future states, rather than options available for action; and action-oriented individuals who focus under stress on action alternatives. The experiments which were performed include ones analysing the memory mechanisms that underlie the rigid versus flexible maintenance of intentions. Also discussed are studies in which the new scale system has been applied to phenomena such as helplessness, depression, alienation, procrastination, self-regulation, decision making and athletic performance. This book will be of interest to both behavioural and cognitive psychologists, and specialists in sports as well as aviation psychology. In the latter case, for example, neurological tests can be applied in connection with the fundamental concepts of this book in an effort to predict pilot skill.
The approach explained in great detail here has also provided the framework for a number of computerized psychological assessment instruments.
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Zielgruppe
Für höhere Schule und Studium
Für Beruf und Forschung
Illustrationen
Maße
Höhe: 245 mm
Breite: 180 mm
ISBN-13
978-0-88937-029-6 (9780889370296)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Part 1 Action and state orientation - theory and assessment: a theory of action and state orientations; action versus state orientation - psychometric properties of the action control scale (ACS-90); empirical findings on the action control scale in the context of the complex skill acquisition; action orientation and personality - some evidence on the construct validity of the action control scale; a theory of action control - mental subsystems, modes of control and volitional conflict-resolution strategies. Part 2 The formation and maintenance of intentions: state orientation and the activation and retrieval of intentions in memory; volitional correlates of action versus state orientation; choice of decision-making strategies; volitional processes in decision-making - personality and situational determinants; competing motivations or changing choices - conjectures and some data on choice-action consistency. Part 3 State orientation, stress and anxiety: action control in the context of psychopathological disorders; action and state orientation during therapy of phobic disorders; action control and excessive demand - effects of situational and personality factors on psychological and physiological functions during stressful transactions; state versus action orientation after failure - revelance of coping strategies and related personality factors in two groups of hypertensives (with and without antihypertensive medication). Part 4 State orientation and depression: motivational and volitional determinants of depression - the degenerated-intention hypothesis; volitional aspects of depression - state orientation and self-discrimination; performance deficits following uncontrollable failure - impaired action control or global attributions and generalized expectancy deficits?; antecedents and consequences of action versus state orientation - theoretical and empirical remarks; dispositional action control as a predictor of how people cope with academic failure; on depression and state orientation - a few empirical and theoretical remarks; state orientation and depression - a multilevel approach. Part 5 Action and state orientation and everyday behaviour: alienation - ignoring one's preferences; state orientation and procrastination; scholastic stressors and achievement-related anxiety; the search for information in an unfamiliar field setting as a function of action versus state orientation; the role of action and state orientation in affiliative situations; action control - how relevant is it for classroom learning?. Part 6 Action and state orientation and sport performance.