Part 1 The rural population in the 1920s: the structure and distribution of the population; employment and occupations; class and occupational status. Part 2 Peasant land use: the peasantry and the nationalization of land; the land commune; communal land use; bourgeois and socialist trends in peasant land use; land reorganization and its role in the state regulation of peasant land use; peasant land use on the eve of collectivization. Part 3 Peasant economy under the NEP: peasant household - their number and size; demographic and socio-economic aspects of the peasant household; productive forces and the use of labour; the role of peasant economy in agricultural production; the kolkhoz in the 1920s.