Intramedullary nailing; types of intramedullary nail; indications for closed nailing; closed nailing of the femur and closed nailing of the tibia; distal cross screw insertion; nailing of proximal fractures; nailing of distal fractures; nailing of comminuted fractures; nailing of segmental fractures; nailing of open fractures; management of non-unions; management of mal-unions; postoperative management; screw removal and dynamization; pathological fractures; exchange nailing; conversion or external fixation to intramedullary nailing; nail removal; reconstruction nails; compartment syndromes; infection; other complications.