Tools, materials and equipment; broad-edged pen strokes; flexible pointed pen and brush strokes; capitals; uncials; half-uncials; minuscules; blackletter - textura, Fraktur, Schwabacher, rotund, capitals; italics; copperplate; flourishes; unconventional writing instruments - balsa wood, ruling pen, round brush; pen-drawn letters; graphic techniques - re-touching, cut and paste, enlargements, developing a script-based logotype, paper, resists, rubbings, masks, stencils, multiple images; calligraphy in design - broad-edged pen, brush and pointed pen, variety within convention, calligraphy and type; experimental scripts - a blackletter variant, an unusual serif treatment, the potential of brush and pen, calligraphy into lettering.
