Introduction; About the authors; How to use this series; How to use this Teacher's Resource; About the syllabus; About the assessment; Approaches to learning and teaching; Teaching notes and supporting resources; European option: Modern Europe, 1774-1924; Chapter 1: France, 1774-1814; Chapter 2: Liberalism and nationalism in Germany, 1815-71; Chapter 3: Russia from autocracy to revolution, 1855-1924; International option: International history, 1870-1939; Chapter 1: Imperialism and the emergence of world powers c.1870-1918; Chapter 2: International relations 1919-29: conflict and cooperation; Chapter 3: International history 1929-39: the rise of extremism and the road to war.