Preface xi 1 Introduction 1 PART 1 GEOMETRY AND PHOTO MEASUREMENTS 25 2 Geometry of a Vertical Aerial Photograph 27 3 Principles of Stereoscopic Vision 44 4 Scale of a Vertical Aerial Photograph 68 5 Horizontal Measurements-Distance, Bearings, and Areas 86 6 Vertical Measurements 105 7 Acquisition of Aerial Photography 131 PART 2 MAPPING FROM VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS 159 8 Orthophotography 161 9 Map Projections, Grid Networks, and Control 173 10 The Global Positioning System 188 11 The Transfer of Detail 211 12 Geographic Information Systems 233 PART 3 PHOTO INTERPRETATION 243 13 Small Format Aerial Imagery 245 14 Films, Filters, and The Photographic Process 256 15 Principles and Techniques of Aerial Image Interpretation 280 16 Landforms and Drainage Patterns 306 17 Geology, Soils, and Engineering Applications 327 18 Land-Use Planning 353 19 Environmental Monitoring 370 20 Additional Topics in Natural Resources Management 386 21 Forestry 405 PART 4 NATURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY 429 22 Elementary Statistics and Sampling Techniques 431 23 Mapping Accuracy Assessment 460 24 Aerial Photo Mensuration 475 25 An Example Photo Timber Cruise 502 PART 5 AN INTRODUCTION TO REMOTE SENSING 521 26 Additional Characteristics of Electromagnetic Energy 523 27 Radar and Lidar-Active Remote Sensors 534 28 Scanning Remote Sensors 559 APPENDIXES 581 A Summary of Photogrammetric Formulas 583 B Summary of Statistical Formulas 587 C Specimen Contract for Aerial Photography 592 D Selected Aerial Photo Volume Tables 599 E Partial Answers to Questions and Problems 608 F Partial Answers to Laboratory Exercises 611 G Metric Conversion Charts 615 Index 617
